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MCIM 224 > 24 Bacterial Pathogens III - Genitourinary Tract Infections > Flashcards

24 Bacterial Pathogens III - Genitourinary Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

How do pathogens of the genitourinary tract get transmitted?

A

Direct contact

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2
Q

Most significant genitourinary pathogen route?

A

Sexual intercourse

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3
Q

T or F: Humans are the only reservoir and host of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

A

T

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4
Q

Bacterial number of N. gonorrhoeae needed to cause gonorrhea?

A

< 1000

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5
Q

Pt of entry for N. gonorrhoeae?

A

Vagina (females) urethral canal (men)

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of gonorrhoea?

A

N. gonorrhoeae enter vagina/urethral canal > attaches to genital tract’s epithelial cells via pili > invades epithelial cells and enters sub-epithelial tissues > phagocytes enter area > inflammation > bacteria release endotoxin

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7
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae get transmitted?

A

They are released as a result of tissue damage from inflammation and phagocytic attack into genital secretions

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8
Q

Gonorrhoea symptoms in females?

A
  1. Vaginal inflammation

2. Burning sensation upon urination

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9
Q

Gonorrhoea symptoms in men?

A
  1. Urethral canal inflammation
  2. Painful rination
  3. Pus discharge
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10
Q

Why are females more likely than males to be carriers of N. gonorrhoea?

A

Females experience far less symptoms (if any), so they’re less likely to be treated

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11
Q

What is “disseminated gonorrhea”?

A

When N. gon infections result in bacteria entering the BLOOD, which then spread to other organs (~1% of cases)

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12
Q

Possible gonorrhea complications in men?

A
  1. Urethral scarring

2. Infertility

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13
Q

Possible gonorrhea complications in women?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease > infertility

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14
Q

T or F: N. gon infections cannot be passed on to babies.

A

F

Eye infections can occur, leading to blindness > use antibiotic eye drops

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15
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (PCR) on URINE specimens

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16
Q

N. gonorrhea is resistant to these anibiotics

A
  1. Penicillin
  2. Erythromycin
  3. Tetracycline
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17
Q

T or F: Once you get gonorrhea, you become immune to it.

A

F

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18
Q

Why does one not become immune to gonorrhea bacteria?

A

The immune system attacks the bacteria’s PILI > N. gonorrhea changes pili to avoid immunity in host

19
Q

This bacterium causes syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

20
Q

Gram stain and shape of Treponema pallidum

A

Gram neg; Spirochete

21
Q

Length of time Treponema pallidum can survive outside of human host

A

< 15 minutes

22
Q

Routes of transmission for T. pallidum

A

Transmitted via direct contact (oral, anal, vaginal sexual contact, mother-to-fetus, compromised skin)

NOT transmitted via inanimate objects

23
Q

Point of entry of T. pallidum

A

Sub-epithelial tissue of genital tract

24
Q

4 stages of syphilis

A
  1. Primary syphilis
  2. Secondary syphilis
  3. Latent syphilis
  4. Tertiary syphilis
25
Q

Stage of syphilis associated w/ chancre formation at site of T. pallidum entry.

A

Primary syphilis

26
Q

Length of time it usually takes for chancres (of syphilis) to heal

A

4-6 weeks

27
Q

Stage of syphilis associated w/ healed chancres, and the spread of T. pallidum to other organs via blood.

A

Secondary syphilis

28
Q

A rash is characteristic of this stage of syphilis.

A

Secondary syphilis

29
Q

Syphilis becomes dormant in this stage.

A

Latent syphilis

30
Q

About ___% of patients progress to tertiary syphilis after the latent stage.

A

30%

31
Q

Latent T. pallidum gets reactivated in this stage of syphilis.

A

Tertiary syphilis

32
Q

You are infectious in these stages of syphilis

A

Primary and secondary syphilis

33
Q

This stage of syphilis is characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity rxn due to the presence of T. pallidum.

A

Tertiary syphilis

34
Q

“Gummas”, cardiovascular damage, and nervous sys damage occur in this stage of syphilis.

A

Tertiary syphilis

35
Q

Flu-like symptoms characterize this stage of syphilis.

A

Secondary syphilis

36
Q

Microscopic examination of swabs is only possible in these stages of syphilis.

Why?

A

Primary and secondary stages

These stages are characterized by lots of T. pallidum bacteria

37
Q

Serological tests are possible for these stages of syphilis.

A

All stages

38
Q

Syphilis bacteria can only be cultured during these stages.

A

None.

T. pallidum can’t be cultured on lab media

39
Q

How syphilis was treated before antibiotics were a thing.

A

Raise body temp of pt

40
Q

First chemical therapy for syphilis

A

Salvarsan (Ehrlich invented it)

41
Q

Current chemical therapy for syphlis

A

Benzathine penicillin G

42
Q

Reason for there not being a vaccine for syphilis

A

Can’t grow T. pallidum in the lab (on nutrient plates)

43
Q

What’s the “Columbian Theory”?

A

The theory that Columbus imported syphilis into Europe from the Americas

MCIM 224 (25 decks)

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