6th - Science Chapter 4 notes. REVISED Flashcards
**What are the fragments that make up rocks?
Grains
**Is a natural, solid mixture of minerals or particles?
Rock
**What can a rock be classified according to?
- Size
- Shape
- Chemical composition
**What do geologists do to rocks according to their composition and their texture?
Classify
**What is the size of grains in a rock and the other way the grains fit together?
Texture
**Texture can be used to determine the ____________ in which a rock formed.
Environment
**What is the material that makes up a rock called?
Composition
**What can the composition of a rock be used to determine?
- Where the rock was formed
2. To interpret the conditions that existed when the rock formed.
What are the three major rock types?
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
**What type of rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and crystallizes?
Igneous rocks
What is the molten or liquid rock material below Earth’s surface called?
Magma
What it is called when molten rock erupts on Earth’s surface?
Lava
**What type of rocks are formed where sediment is deposited?
Sedimentary rocks
**Name some forces that cause rocks to break down?
- Wind
- Running water
- Ice
- Gravity
**Sediment is rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or _________ in water as rocks erode.
Dissolve
**Sediment can be ___________ to new environments where they are deposited and form sedimentary rock.
Transported
**What type of rocks form when rocks are exposed to extreme temperatures and pressure or the addition of chemical fluids?
Metamorphic rocks
The minerals that make up the rock’s composition can change as well as the ____________ or the arrangement of the individual mineral grains.
Texture
In many cases, the change is so intense that the arrangement of the grains appears what?
Bent or twisted layers
**What type of rocks do metamorphic rocks form from?
Igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks
Some processes of the rock cycle such as those associated extreme temperature, pressure and melting occur only where?
Beneath Earth’s surface
**What is a tectonic process that forces rocks onto Earth’s surface?
Uplift
**Igneous rocks form from molten rock in what forms?
Magma or lava
**Lava cools ___________ above earth’s surface.
Quickly
Magma cools more _________ below Earth’s surface.
Slowly
**What type of igneous rock is formed when volcanic material erupts and cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface?
Extrusive Rock
Some extrusive rock cools so quickly that __________ do not have time to grow.
Crystals
**What is a rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to grow crystals?
Volcanic Glass
What sometimes get trapped in the lava escape, leaving holes in the extrusive rock?
Gases
**What is igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground?
Intrusive Rock