6th Grade Science Test 6 Flashcards
the hardest known mineral; found in “pipes”
diamond
small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals
gemstones
any hollow space in the earth’s crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter
cave
any rock containing a metal together with impurities
ore
the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems
precious stones
the most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools
iron
a metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze
copper
any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock
fossil
the area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects
magnetic field
the ends of a magnet
poles
the magnetic field produced by the earth
magnetosphere
the hardest material that composes the earth’s crust
rock
when molten rock solidifies, it forms what kind of rock
igneous rock
sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together form what kind of rock
sedimentary rock
rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock
metamorphic rock
over 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with what kind of rock
sedimentary rock
What type of igneous rock is formed at the earth’s surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine-grained appearance?
extrusive
What type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly, and has a coarse-grained appearance?
intrusive
What is the most common igneous rock and can be found everywhere on land?
granite
Which sedimentary rock is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food?
halite
Which sedimentary rock is used to make glass?
sandstone
Which sedimentary rock is the only stone formed by living animals?
reef limestone
Which metamorphic rock began as shale, is very hard, and has leaflike layers?
slate
Which metamorphic rock is perhaps one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and began as limestone?
marble
What type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like the leaves of a book?
foliated
Be able to label the cave formations.
soda straws cave pearls stalagmites columns stalactites
a hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine
sub-bituminous
the most common type of coal, also known as “soft coal”
bituminous
the poorest quality of coal, also known as “brown coal”
lignite
designed to live in either a cave or above a cave
troglophile
the study of caves
speleology
formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water
solution cav
caves usually form in
limestone
a ___ visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food
trogloxene
Where does the earth’s magnetic field come from? How does it remain “magnetized”?
The earth’s magnetic field is produced by current son electricity that circulate in the earth’s outer core. Currents that flow through an object produce a magnetic field around the object. The earth remains magnetized because of the increasing electric currents deep within its core.
Explain how a solution cave is formed. Is this process an example of physical or chemical weathering? Why?
Rainwater picks up molecules of carbon dioxide as it passes through the air and the soil. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms a mild acid. Limestone absorbs the water and is dissolved. The water drains from the area leaving a cavity in the rock. This is an example of chemical weathering because the rock was broken down by acid.
