6th Grade Science Test 5 Flashcards
Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called
tsunamis
a break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
fault
the point underground where an earthquake begins
focus
the place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake
epicenter
any trembling or shaking of the earth’s crust
earthquake
the strength of an earthquake is called
magnitude
occurs when natural acids slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart
chemical weathering
the temperature of rocks increases / decreases with depth
increases
created when trapped gases blast through the earth’s surface
vent
allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth
volcano
scientists who study the structure of the earth
geologists
the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces
weathering
the boundary between the earth’s crust and its mantle
Moho discontinuity
the underwater mountain ranges
mid-oceanic ridges
the study of earthquakes
seismology
a volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history, but has not had a recent eruption
dormant
a volcano that produces lava fountains or fire curtains
Hawaiian
a volcano characterized by hot clouds of gas and dust that it expels
Plinian
a volcano that has erupted recently
active
a volcano that has not erupted in recorded history
extinct
magma that has reached the earth’s surface
lava
the area running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean named for its many volcanoes
Ring of Fire
a depression found at the top of a volcano
crater
holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases
fumaroles
smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly
tephra
Be able to identify these types of volcanoes by pictures and facts.
shield volcano
cinder cone volcano
composite volcano
Describe the three main sections of the earth in complete sentences.
The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is quite thin compared to the other layers.
The mantle, the middle layer of the earth, makes up the largest portion of the earth’s interior; it is made of solid rock.
The core is the innermost region of the earth. It is divided into two sections–the (liquid) outer core and the (solid) inner core, which are made up of metals rather than rock.
