6B: Regulation of Body Temperature Flashcards
- Describe the stimulus-response model for an increase in temperature. - Describe the stimulus-response model for a decrease in temperature. - List and explain the four types of heat transfer. • Convection • Conduction • Radiation • Evaporation
What is thermoregulation
the homeostatic process of maintaining a constant internal body temperature
What are the four methods of heat transfer
Conduction, Convection, evaporation, radiation
Conduction
the transfer of heat through physical contact with another object
Convection
the transfer of heat via movement of a liquid or a gas between areas of a different temperature
Evaporation
the loss of heat via the conversion of water from liquid to gas form
Radiation
the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves such as light (i.e. doesn’t require physical contact with another object)(can be direct and reflected)(can also be radiated from the body (e.g. form your body into your bed Duna)
Thermoregulation in endotherms (body produces their own heat)
Thermoregulation–>endotherms–>produce heat through metabolic processes
Stimulus response model for when body is too hot
(increase of internal body/external environmental tempreature–>thermoreceptors–>hypothalamus–>sweat glands (sweating), cells (decrease in metabolic rate), arrector pill muscles (flattening of hair), cerebral cortex (change in behaviour), small blood vessels in the skin (dilation of arterioles (blood vessels?)) - NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Thermoregulation in ectotherms (heat comes from the environment)
-Thermoregulation–>ectotherms–>obtains heat from the environment
Stimulus response model for when to cold
(decrease of internal body/external environmental tempreature–>thermoreceptors–>hypothalamus–>skeletal muscle cells (shivering), small blood vessels in the skin (constriction of arterioies), cerebral cortex (changes in behaviour), arrector pill muscles (lifting of hair), cells (increase in metabolic rate), brown fat (burning of triglycerides) - NEGATIVE FEEDBACK (increase of heat produced and decrease in heat lost to environment)
What does brown fat do
(undergoes thermogenesis (heat generating, involves burning calories/energy - triglycerides) - not a lot in the human body
