5C: The Digestive System

Question 1

All steps of the digestive system

Answer 1

1. masticated in oral cavity
2. mixed with saliva to form bolus
3. travels down oesophagus via peristalsis to sphincter to where it is let into the stomach
4. stomach muscles churn/mix food with diestive juices that have acids and enzymes, breaking it into smaller/more digestible pieces
5. liver produces bile
6. galbladder releases bile to small intestine
7. pancreas produces digestive enzymes that ar released when food reaches first part of small intestine
8. small intestine extracts nutrients
9. moves to large intestine via peristalsis
10. large intestine balances water levels via absorbing water and electrolytes whilst also producing and absorbing vitamins
11. large intestine forms/propels feces towards rectum for elimination
12. Feces moved towards rectum where feces are stored until body is ready for elimination
13. feces are moved to anus where two sphincters (first voluntary - external and second involuntary - internal)

Question 1

filtrate

Answer 1

the fluid that is in the nephron that will become urine

Question 2

masticate

Answer 2

chewing up the food

Question 3

bolus

Answer 3

ball of chewed up food - mixed with saliva - is swallowed

Question 4

sphincter

Answer 4

a hole/s throughout the body that controls the passage of things

Question 5

Peristalsis

Answer 5

is the (mostly) involuntary contraction of muscles to move contents through the body

Question 6

chyme

Answer 6

is a semi-digested mixture of stomach acid and food (is what you vomit up)

Question 7

Small intestine (smaller in diameter)

Answer 7

extracts nutrients (required the constant breakdown of food)

Question 8

Large intestine (larger in diameter but shorter)

Answer 8

balances water levels

Question 9

anus

Answer 9

has two sphincters (one internal and one external), the first being involuntary however the second is voluntary

Question 10

reverse peristalsis

Answer 10

reversing o peristalsis

Question 11

Liver

Answer 11

filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances such as alcohol and drugs

Question 12

GERD is

Answer 12

acid reflux

Question 13

Bile is

Answer 13

a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

produces digestive enzymes that are released when food reaches the first part of the small intestine

Question 15

Gallbladder

Answer 15

very strong group of chemicals that breaks down fat

Question 16

four stages of the digestive system

Answer 16

ingestion–>digestion–>absorption–>elimination

Question 17

3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 17

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 18

Explain how the cells of the small intestine are specialised to aid digestion.

Answer 18

-Cells of the small intestine are specialised to aid digestion as they are arranged into villi and have microvilli on their surface.1The villi and microvilli greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for greater absorption of organic molecules along the digestive tract.2

Question 19

Rilli

Answer 19

small hairs inside of the small intestine

Question 20

After leaving the small intestine, undigested food enters the _____________ where the last absorption of water and nutrients takes place

Answer 20

large intestine

Question 21

Food that remains undigested here is pushed along the large intestine and turned into faeces, which travels through the _________ to the anus.

Answer 21

rectum