6A The explanatory power of the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory

A

An information processing system that actively receives, organises, stores and recovers info.

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2
Q

Information processing model

A

three-stage process
1) encoding
2) storage
3) retrieval

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3
Q

Info processing model - Encoding

A

converting sensory info into a usable form that can be processed by the brain
- must pay attention to info

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4
Q

Info processing model - Storage

A

retaining info over time
- organised = easier to recover

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5
Q

Info processing model - Retrieval

A

accessing info that has previously been stored
- relys on usong the right cues or hints so you can locate the correct piece of info

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6
Q

Multi-store model of memory

A
  • Atkinson-Shiffrin
    Sensory memory
    Short-term memory (STM)
    Long-term memory (LTM)
  • each process info in different ways and varies in its role, capacity and duration
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7
Q

Sensory memory

A

a memory store that recieves and stores an unlimited amout of incoming sensory info for a breif time
- must pay attention to important sensory info for it to be further processed and transfered to STM if not it will be lost from memory forever

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8
Q

Sensory memory function

A

filters out unnecessary info, preventing us from being overwhelmed by the amount of sensory info we get
- stores sensory impressions long (allows us to percieve the world around us as continuous

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9
Q

Sensory memory capacity

A

unlimited
- structured to deal with lots of sensory stimuli entering at any given time

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10
Q

Sensory memory duration

A

0.2-4 seconds

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11
Q

Types of sensory memory registers

A

- Iconic memory
Function
Exact replica of visual info
Duration
0.3-0.5 second
Capacity
Unlimited
- Echoic memory
Function
Exact replica of auditory info
Duration
3-4 seconds
Capacity
Unlimited

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12
Q

Short-term memory

A

memory store that has limited capacity of short duration, unless info is renewed

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13
Q

Short-term memory function

A

when info enters we can actively manipulate encoded info while we complete everyday tasks
e.g
Sensory memory
sensory info about food e.g colour taste texture is attended to and transferred to short-term memory
LTM
past experiences of similar foods are retrieved from LTM to be compared to info in short-term memory

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14
Q

Short-term memory capacity

A

limited
- average adult can hold 7±2 iterms or 5-9 unrelated iteems
- If short-term memory is at capacity new items can only be added by pushing old ones out
can be extended by chunking- grouping separate items together to form a larfe single of info

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15
Q

Displacement

A

adding new single items to short-term memory by pushing out old ones

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16
Q

Short-term memory duration

A

18-30 seconds
- if after 30 seconds info isnt manipulated in some way then it will fade from short-term memory and be permanently lost (decay)
- decay can be prevented by rehearsal (consious manipulation of info to keep it in STM for longer or to transfer it to LTM

17
Q

Rehearsal types

A
  • Maintenance rehearsal
    repeating info vocally or sub-vocally to preserve it in STM (stays for as long as you repeate the info and are not interrupted)
  • Elaborative rehearsal
    giving meaning to new info and making associations with other info already in LTM
    e.g making mnemonics, creating questions, making mind maps, explaining concept to someone who has no knowledge of the subject matter
18
Q

Long-term memory

A

memory that is relatively permanent and hold huge amounts of info for a long time (possibly life long)
- when info is transferred into LTM it undergos further encoding according to its meaning and becomes unconsicious (prevents us from being overwhelmed by the amount of info stored in LTM

19
Q

Long-term memory function

A

info is organised semantically and well organised according to meaning, which helps info be retrieved more efficiently

20
Q

Long-term memory capacity

A

unlimited, allows the storage of a lifetime of memories

21
Q

Long-term memory duration

A

relatively permanent, info is throught to last in the memory store for a long time, but it can decay due to physical or psychological factors