Human Geography- Globalisation Questions Flashcards
What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the process of which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural change
How do you measure globalisation?
It can be measured through various different indices such as the KOF index which takes in the economic dimensions of globalisation, as well as the social and the political dimensions
Why do levels of globalisation vary between countries?
Levels of globalisation can differ between countries due to their own level of development, a countries level of technological advancement and telecommunications can hugely influence the amount of trade they will be allowed to make.
Secondly, TNC’s usually come from developed superpower countries such as the UK and the US which take in the majority of the money whereas the poorer countries are just exploited for their labour and they’re not given much help to develop.
What role do TNC’s play in the globalisation process?
TNC’s play large roles in the globalisation process as they are responsible for large investment placed into developing countries, usually for production or materials sourcing (to improve product margins etc.). They often are the main influencers in which country gets the investment, whether it be economically or socially.
Why are some countries excluded from globalisation?
Some countries are excluded from globalisation due to trade restrictions or exclusions die to delusional national sovereignty e.g. North Korea.
What is the global shift and why did it occur?
Movement of economic activity from the general western world e.g. USA and the UK towards a shift of the countries in former LEDCs. The occurance of this was due to significantly cheaper labour cost’s in east asian countries.
What impact has globalisation had on NICs?
Globalisation can have negative impacts upon NICs and it can heavily degrade the environment as it has done to countries such as China and India, as Delhi has become the most polluted city on Earth. Having current Pm 2.5 level, 5x as worse as the maximum acceptable level.
What social impacts has globalisation had on poor countries
Impacts such as mass migration of people from small communities travelling far away to reach better jobs abroad.
What environmental impact has globalisation has on poor countries?
Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in developing countries resulting in global shift have caused pollution, over exploitation of resources and dumping of waste. UN Habitat estimates that 1 billion live in urban slums
How has globalisation impacted developing countries?
Globalisation has impacted developing countries in negative ways due to the offshoring of production to countries which provide cheaper leabour, e.g. The deindustrialisation in Detroit Michigan. 1920s 4th largest city in the US due to it’s booming car production industries. Currently die to developments in globalisation and car production off shored in Asian countries, the city has lost a quarter of it’s population and the city is declaring itself bankrupt in 2013, with debts over £18.5 billion
What is a megacity?
a city with a population typically over 10 million.
What are the reasons for the growth of megacities?
Reasons for growth include attraction of investment and job opportunities and geographical reasons such as large rivers e.g. the River Thames in London
What socia and environmental challenges do rapidly growing urban areas create?
Social challenges include high influx of people results in a high demand of housing, usually resulting in slums forming due to a shortage in housing etc.
Environmental challenges include high rates of pollution to increase industrialisation and vehicles used such as cars and motorbikes, resulting in high levels of greenhouse gas pollution and posionous and carcinogenic gases being released into the atmosphere which can prove to be heavily detrimental to human health.
How has international migration created global hub cities?
Created a large mix of people with different skills broadening the skills and development of the area.
How has international migration deepened interdependence between these regions?
Affluent people who invest money in one region often can have people return the favour which can often result in an interdependency between these people for investment.
What are the positive economic impacts of migration to the host country?
Positive economic impacts include more taxpaying workers in the country, contributing to the economy through their work and taxpaying
