6.5. Lifestyle Diseases Flashcards
Which factors affect the CV system?
- inactivity
- high BP
- smoking
- poor diet
- obesity
Risk level of inactivity
1= 120+ mins per week (60% of MHR)
5= 0 min per week
Risk level of high BP
1= below 120/76
5= over 170/106
Risk level of smoking
1= 0 cigarettes per day
5= 50 per day
Risk level of poor diet
1= cholesterol less than 180mg/dl
5= over 300mg/dl
Risk level of obesity
1= BMI under 25
5= BMI over 40
How is BMI calculated?
weight divided by height squared
What is arteriosclerosis?
loss of elasticity, thickening/ hardening of arteries, loss of ability to dilate and constrict, therefore increases BP and effects vascular shunt.
What does arteriosclerosis lead to?
Angina
What is angina?
Partial block of the coronary artery leads to lack of o2 to the heart muscle wall, potentially leading to heart attack. Chest pain is a common symptom.
What is atherosclerosis?
Cholesterol and fatty deposits accumulate in arteries, leading to narrowing of the vessel, leads to increased BP and chance of blood clots
What does atherosclerosis lead to?
Heart attack
What is a heart attack?
Total restriction of blood//o2 to the heart muscle wall causing permanent damage can result in death if area of muscle damage leads the heart, unable to provide sufficient Q to the body
What is an ischaemic stroke?
caused by a blockage of o2 supply to the brain (85% of cases)
What is a haemorrhagic stroke?
Caused by a bleed in or around the brain
What does physical activity lead to?
- cardiac hypertrophy
- decreased blood viscosity
- decreased blood lipids
- decrease in LDL and increase in Hal cholesterol
- reduced risk of hypertension
- control of body weight
What is a respiratory disease?
A disorder or infection that affects the lungs and causes breathing problems
What is COPD?
A group of lung conditions that make it difficult to empty air out of the lungs because the airways have been narrowed
e.g. long term bronchitis and emphysema
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What is asthma?
The constriction of respiratory airways and inflammation of the membrane lining the bronchioles
and causes increased mucus production.
What are the symptoms of asthma?
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Tight chest
Coughing
Mucus production
What are the triggers of asthma?
Pets
Exercise
Pollen
Insects in home
Chemical fumes
Cold air
Smoke
Pollution
Stress
What are the effects of asthma?
- less o2 supplied to muscles
- tidal volume decreases
- efficiency of gaseous exchange decreases
- earlier onset of fatigue and reduced endurance
- unconsciousness
What are the methods of control of asthma?
- short acting medical inhalers
- long acting medical inhalers
- warm up
- breathing control or breathing exercises
- diet
- avoid conditions or allergens which trigger attacks
- don’t smoke
- exercise regularly
- inspiratory muscle training
