6.5: Cognitive behavioural therapy Flashcards
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
How does CBT usually take place?
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, what does CBT aim to do?
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
What can patients be helped to make sense of?
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding what can be hugely helpful for some patients?
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
What may this involve?
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
Example
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
What does this perhaps indicate?
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However,
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
Example
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However,
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy)
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore,
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition.
What does this refer to?
This refers to the problem of patients dropping out of the research sample or refusing to cooperate with the researcher midway through the study
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition.
This refers to the problem of patients dropping out of the research sample or refusing to cooperate with the researcher midway through the study.
This results in a biased sample, as it could be, for example, that researchers are most likely to lose data from the patients with the most severe expression of schizophrenia
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition.
This refers to the problem of patients dropping out of the research sample or refusing to cooperate with the researcher midway through the study.
This results in a biased sample, as it could be, for example, that researchers are most likely to lose data from the patients with the most severe expression of schizophrenia.
As a result,
As a result, the outcome results of CBT research perhaps show the therapy to be more effective than it actually is
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition.
This refers to the problem of patients dropping out of the research sample or refusing to cooperate with the researcher midway through the study.
This results in a biased sample, as it could be, for example, that researchers are most likely to lose data from the patients with the most severe expression of schizophrenia.
As a result, the outcome results of CBT research perhaps show the therapy to be more effective than it actually is.
Fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another limitation of CBT is that it is not suitable or appropriate for all types of schizophrenia patients
Outline and evaluate the use of cognitive behaviour therapy to treat schizophrenia (16 marks) - Likely to be 8 or 12 marks maximum, but just in case.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques.
CBT usually takes place for between 5 and 20 sessions, either in groups or on an individual basis.
From the cognitive viewpoint, CBT aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts.
Patients can be helped to make sense of how their delusions and hallucinations impact on their feelings and behaviour.
Just understanding where symptoms come from can be hugely helpful for some patients.
If, for example, a patient hears voices and believes the voices are demons, they will naturally be very afraid.
Offering psychological explanations for the existence of hallucinations and delusions can help reduce this anxiety.
Delusions can also be challenged, so that a patient can come to learn that their beliefs are not based on reality.
The aim of CBT in general involves helping patients identify irrational thoughts and trying to change them.
This may involve argument or a discussion of how likely the patient’s beliefs are to be true and a consideration of other less threatening possibilities.
This will not get rid of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but it can make patients better able to cope with them.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is empirical research support for CBT.
For example, Gould et al. (2001) found that all 7 studies in their meta-analysis reported a statistically significant decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia post-treatment.
This perhaps indicates that there is more to schizophrenia than abnormal levels of neurotransmitters and that there is also a need to address psychological abnormalities in thinking.
However, some could argue that the improved recovery measures are the result of a placebo effect, with patients improving because they expect to, rather than the actual action of CBT.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that further support from CBT comes from studies that indicate patients receiving CBT recover to a greater extent than those taking medication alone.
For example, Drury et al. (1996) found that those receiving CBT as well as medication experienced fewer hallucinations and delusions and a 25 – 50% reduction in recovery time.
As well as this, Kulpers et al. (1997) found a lower dropout rate and higher patient satisfaction.
However, most studies of the effectiveness of CBT have been conducted at the same time as antipsychotic medication (drug therapy).
Therefore, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of CBT independent of biological therapies and unpick the variables involved in the recovery of schizophrenic patients.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that a limitation of much of the research into CBT is subject attrition.
This refers to the problem of patients dropping out of the research sample or refusing to cooperate with the researcher midway through the study.
This results in a biased sample, as it could be, for example, that researchers are most likely to lose data from the patients with the most severe expression of schizophrenia.
As a result, the outcome results of CBT research perhaps show the therapy to be more effective than it actually is.
The fourth AO3 PEEL paragraph is that another limitation of CBT is that it is not suitable or appropriate for all types of schizophrenia patients.
Example
For example, Kingdon and Kirschen (2006)’s study of 142 schizophrenic patients found that many of them were deemed unsuitable for CBT, because psychiatrists believed that they would not fully engage with it.
In particular, they found that older patients were deemed less suitable than younger patients
