6.3 Group Productivity Flashcards
Group dynamics/productivity and social cohesion
What are the characteristics of a team/group?
CICS
- Collective identity - same kit/uniform
- Interaction - working together to complete a task.
- Communication - Between teammates.
- Shared goals - Achieving success as a group.
What are the four main stages of Tuckman’s model?
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
What is the forming stage in Tuckman’s model?
Group coming together and getting to know each other. Individual’s see how they fit in the team.
What is the storming stage of Tuckman’s model?
Conflict may be caused as players compete for positions or players not knowing there roles.
What is the Norming stage of Tuckman’s model?
Conflict starts to be resolved. Team realises they all share a common goal.
What is the performing stage of Tuckman’s model?
Team begins to be more interactive and supportive as the team now know there common roles.
What is cohesion?
“The tendancy for individual’s to work together to achieve their goals, the forces that keep the group members on task.”
What are carron’s Antecedents?
These are the factors that lead to cohesion. They are:
- Environmental factors
- Leadership factors
- Personal factors
- Team factors
What are the two types of cohesion?
Task and Social cohesion.
Task cohesion is……………
When individual’s work together to achieve an end result.
Task cohesion would be used in team sports like football.
Social cohesion is………….
Individual’s relating to each other that interact in a group. These are mainly coactive sports performed by an individual e.g. swimming
State Steiner’s model.
Actual productivity= potential productivity - faulty
processes
Faulty processes include 2 types ………
1) Motivation losses
2) Coordination losses
State a motivational loss as a faulty process.
Social loathing and coasting where players leave responsibility to others in the group.
State some coordination losses?
1) Ringleman effect where the more people in the group,
the more likely social loathing is to occur.
2) More mistakes when there are more people in a
group.
3) Tactical and technical errors.
There are 9 strategies to improve cohesion, state 6 of them.
1) Provide clear roles - individual coaching.
2) Team-building exercises - improve socially in groups
3) Evaluate individual’s - Stops coasting
4) Punishment - select most productive group
5) Select most cohesive team using a SOCIOGRAM.
6) Set team goals - process goals rather than outcome
goals.
7) Practice set plays - Have a plan for games.
8) Strong leadership
9) Reinforce team success
What are the three types of goals?
Process, performance, outcome goals
State what the characteristics of outcome goals are.
- Long-term goals measured over a long time.
- Not directly controlled by the athlete.
- Mainly a yes or no answer. Did you win or lose.
What are the characteristics of performance goals?
- Short-term goals
- They are personal to the individual.
- Controlled by the athlete not the coach.
- Generally lead to an outcome goal.
State the characteristics of process goals?
- Temporary goals
- Aim to develop skill or fitness.
- The use of fitness tests can show progress.
What is the need for goal setting?
Goal setting causes:
1) Focus increases
2) Confidence increases
3) Better performers
4) Motivation increases
5) Controls anxiety
6) Improve persistance
What does SMARTER stand for?
Specific to the peroformer.
Measurable Goals set to a deadline.
Accepted. Between the player and coach.
Realistic. And challenging to complete.
Time-bound. So it has to be completed within a limit.
Exciting. Performer remains engaged with goal.
Recorded. progress by recording improvements.
What is the definition for attribution?
“An explanation of the cause for success or failure.”
What are the 2 loci of Weiner’s model of attribution?
1) Locus of Causality
2) Locus of Stability
What is an internal stable explanation of attribution?
Explanation is about ability.
E.g. An individual saying whether they are good enough for the level they are playing at.
What is an external stable explanation for attribution?
External stable is to do with task difficulty.
E.g. They were top of the league
What is an internal unstable explanation of attribution?
Internal unstable is to do with a lack of concentration or effort.
E.g. We weren’t good enough today.
What is an external unstable explanation of attribution?
External unstable is to do with luck.
E.g. The ref gave us nothing today.
What is self-serving bias?
Boosting confidence by blaming success on internal factors and failure on external factors.
This is good for group cohesion.
What is attribution retraining?
This is when you change the thought process and the blame to increase motivation in a team.
Attribution retraining: failure
Internally unstable factors: It can be worked on in
training and is controllable.
External unstable factors: This is not controllable but it
boosts confidence.
Attribution retraining: success
Internal stable factors: boosts confidence as it is down
to the individual.
Internal unstable factors: Boosts confidence.
How can attribution retraining take place?
- Changing attitudes by cognitive dissonance or persuasive communication.
- Mental rehearsal
- Prepare well.
- Coach teaching performer triadic model to make the sport fun.
What is learned helplessness?
It is a state of mind where the individual thinks failure is inevitable. Learned helplessness leads to avoidance behaviour.
What are the two types of learned helplessness?
Global and state specific
1) Global - All aspects of a topic that the performer thinks they are bad at.
2) State-specific - Specific aspects of a topic that the individual is not good at.
What are 2 examples of both types of Learned Helplessness?
Global - I am rubbish at all sports.
State-specific - Only using your right foot in football.
What are the characteristics of learned helplessness?
1) High TAF
2) Low Self-efficacy
3) Judged by outcome goals
4) Social Loathing
5) Avoid challenge
6) Negative attitude
