6.3 Group Productivity

Question 1

What are the characteristics of a team/group?

CICS

Answer 1

• Collective identity - same kit/uniform
• Interaction - working together to complete a task.
• Communication - Between teammates.
• Shared goals - Achieving success as a group.

Question 2

What are the four main stages of Tuckman’s model?

Answer 2

• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing

Question 3

What is the forming stage in Tuckman’s model?

Answer 3

Group coming together and getting to know each other. Individual’s see how they fit in the team.

Question 4

What is the storming stage of Tuckman’s model?

Answer 4

Conflict may be caused as players compete for positions or players not knowing there roles.

Question 5

What is the Norming stage of Tuckman’s model?

Answer 5

Conflict starts to be resolved. Team realises they all share a common goal.

Question 6

What is the performing stage of Tuckman’s model?

Answer 6

Team begins to be more interactive and supportive as the team now know there common roles.

Question 7

What is cohesion?

Answer 7

“The tendancy for individual’s to work together to achieve their goals, the forces that keep the group members on task.”

Question 8

What are carron’s Antecedents?

Answer 8

These are the factors that lead to cohesion. They are:

• Environmental factors
• Leadership factors
• Personal factors
• Team factors

Question 9

What are the two types of cohesion?

Answer 9

Task and Social cohesion.

Question 10

Task cohesion is……………

Answer 10

When individual’s work together to achieve an end result.

Task cohesion would be used in team sports like football.

Question 11

Social cohesion is………….

Answer 11

Individual’s relating to each other that interact in a group. These are mainly coactive sports performed by an individual e.g. swimming

Question 12

State Steiner’s model.

Answer 12

Actual productivity= potential productivity - faulty

processes

Question 13

Faulty processes include 2 types ………

Answer 13

1) Motivation losses

2) Coordination losses

Question 14

State a motivational loss as a faulty process.

Answer 14

Social loathing and coasting where players leave responsibility to others in the group.

Question 15

State some coordination losses?

Answer 15

1) Ringleman effect where the more people in the group,
the more likely social loathing is to occur.

2) More mistakes when there are more people in a
group.

3) Tactical and technical errors.

Question 16

There are 9 strategies to improve cohesion, state 6 of them.

Answer 16

1) Provide clear roles - individual coaching.
2) Team-building exercises - improve socially in groups
3) Evaluate individual’s - Stops coasting
4) Punishment - select most productive group
5) Select most cohesive team using a SOCIOGRAM.
6) Set team goals - process goals rather than outcome
goals.
7) Practice set plays - Have a plan for games.
8) Strong leadership
9) Reinforce team success

Question 17

What are the three types of goals?

Answer 17

Process, performance, outcome goals

Question 18

State what the characteristics of outcome goals are.

Answer 18

• Long-term goals measured over a long time.
• Not directly controlled by the athlete.
• Mainly a yes or no answer. Did you win or lose.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of performance goals?

Answer 19

• Short-term goals
• They are personal to the individual.
• Controlled by the athlete not the coach.
• Generally lead to an outcome goal.

Question 20

State the characteristics of process goals?

Answer 20

• Temporary goals
• Aim to develop skill or fitness.
• The use of fitness tests can show progress.

Question 21

What is the need for goal setting?

Answer 21

Goal setting causes:

1) Focus increases
2) Confidence increases
3) Better performers
4) Motivation increases
5) Controls anxiety
6) Improve persistance

Question 22

What does SMARTER stand for?

Answer 22

Specific to the peroformer.
Measurable Goals set to a deadline.
Accepted. Between the player and coach.
Realistic. And challenging to complete.
Time-bound. So it has to be completed within a limit.
Exciting. Performer remains engaged with goal.
Recorded. progress by recording improvements.

Question 23

What is the definition for attribution?

Answer 23

“An explanation of the cause for success or failure.”

Question 24

What are the 2 loci of Weiner’s model of attribution?

Answer 24

1) Locus of Causality

2) Locus of Stability

Question 25

What is an internal stable explanation of attribution?

Answer 25

Explanation is about ability.

E.g. An individual saying whether they are good enough for the level they are playing at.

Question 26

What is an external stable explanation for attribution?

Answer 26

External stable is to do with task difficulty.

E.g. They were top of the league

Question 27

What is an internal unstable explanation of attribution?

Answer 27

Internal unstable is to do with a lack of concentration or effort.
E.g. We weren’t good enough today.

Question 28

What is an external unstable explanation of attribution?

Answer 28

External unstable is to do with luck.

E.g. The ref gave us nothing today.

Question 29

What is self-serving bias?

Answer 29

Boosting confidence by blaming success on internal factors and failure on external factors.
This is good for group cohesion.

Question 30

What is attribution retraining?

Answer 30

This is when you change the thought process and the blame to increase motivation in a team.

Question 31

Attribution retraining: failure

Answer 31

Internally unstable factors: It can be worked on in
training and is controllable.
External unstable factors: This is not controllable but it
boosts confidence.

Question 32

Attribution retraining: success

Answer 32

Internal stable factors: boosts confidence as it is down
to the individual.
Internal unstable factors: Boosts confidence.

Question 33

How can attribution retraining take place?

Answer 33

• Changing attitudes by cognitive dissonance or persuasive communication.
• Mental rehearsal
• Prepare well.
• Coach teaching performer triadic model to make the sport fun.

Question 34

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 34

It is a state of mind where the individual thinks failure is inevitable. Learned helplessness leads to avoidance behaviour.

Question 35

What are the two types of learned helplessness?

Answer 35

Global and state specific

1) Global - All aspects of a topic that the performer thinks they are bad at.
2) State-specific - Specific aspects of a topic that the individual is not good at.

Question 36

What are 2 examples of both types of Learned Helplessness?

Answer 36

Global - I am rubbish at all sports.

State-specific - Only using your right foot in football.

Question 37

What are the characteristics of learned helplessness?

Answer 37

1) High TAF
2) Low Self-efficacy
3) Judged by outcome goals
4) Social Loathing
5) Avoid challenge
6) Negative attitude