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Pe > 1.2 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

1.2 - Respiratory System Flashcards

Respiratory system

1
Q

State the way air travels through the body into the lungs

A
  • Breathed in through nasal cavity or mouth
  • Travels through to the trachea
  • Splits into Bronchi which takes air to separate lungs
  • Splits further into Bronchioles which spreads air round the lungs
  • Alveoli found at end of bronchioles
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2
Q

State the respiratory muscles

A

Intercostal muscles (internal and external)
Diaphragm
Scalenes
Sternomastoids

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3
Q

What is the definition of inspiration?

A

” The act of breathing in, which is an active process.”

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4
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

A

Diaphragm contracts and flattens to increase space.

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5
Q

What happens to both intercostal muscles during inspiration?

A
  • Internal intercostal muscles relax

- External intercostal muscles contract —> allowing ribs to move up and out.

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6
Q

What happens to the chest cavity during inspiration?

A

Chest cavity increases in size and causes a lower pressure in the lungs.

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7
Q

What is the definition of expiration?

A

“The act of breathing out, which is a passive process.”

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8
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?

A

Diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape.

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9
Q

What happens to both intercostal muscles during expiration?

A
  • External intercostal muscles relax

- Internal intercostal muscles contact and move in and down, as do the ribs

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10
Q

What happens to the chest cavity during expiration?

A

Chest cavity decreases in size which increases air pressure.

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11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Tidal volume is the normal rate of expiration and inspiration at rest.

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12
Q

What is the rest value of tidal volume?

A

500ml

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13
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

It is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after maximum inspiration.

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14
Q

What is the average ERV for a male at rest?

A

1200ml

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15
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

The maximum amount of air that can be breathed into the lungs?

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16
Q

What is the average IRV at rest for a male?

A

3100ml

17
Q

What is residual volume?

A

This is the amount of air that is still in the lungs after maximum expiration.

18
Q

What is the average residual volume at rest?

A

1200ml

19
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

Total amount of air that can be in the lungs at one time. Generally the average is 6000ml.

20
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The distance between maximum IRV and maximum ERV.

21
Q

What is the average volume of vital capacity?

A

4800ml

22
Q

What is minute volume?

A

The total amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute.
Number of breaths X tidal volume= minute volume.

23
Q

What happens to tidal volume during exercise?

A

Tidal volume increases as the breathing rate increases and the breaths become harder.

24
Q

What happens to IRV and ERV during exercise?

A

Both IRV and ERV decrease during exercise as a result of tidal volume increasing.

25
Q

What happens to vital capacity, residual volume and total lung capacity during exercise.

A

Nothing. They remain the same no matter what.

26
Q

What is the name of the graph used to represent the lung volume’s?

A

Spirometer graph

27
Q

What is the definition of gas exchange?

A

“The ongoing process of taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.”

28
Q

How is gas moved during gas exchange?

A

Via diffusion which takes gases from a high to low concentration ( with the concentration gradient).

29
Q

What is the role of partial pressure in gaseous exchange?

A

Allows pressure of gases to be equal in each the capillaries and alveoli after the exchange.

30
Q

How are the capillaries adapted for gaseous exchange?

A
  • High number of capillaries surrounding muscles and Alveoli.
  • Short distance between the capillaries and muscle site
  • Low blood velocity to allow transfer can occur.
31
Q

How is alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange?

A
  • High surface area as well as number of alveolus.
  • Semi-permeable membranes of the alveoli
  • Layer of moisture to allow oxygen uptake

Pe (7 decks)

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