6.25 Pests Pathogens And Parasites

Question 1

What effect does Nosema have on behaviour?

Answer 1

• Can alter pheromone production leading to precocious foraging due to maturation rate changes
• Increases the rate of trophallaxis (causes an increase spread of diseases)
• If queen infected with Nosema then she will be superseded.
• Change to CHC profile
• Increased walking rate around hive
• Decreased worker attraction to QMP

Question 2

What effect does Tropilaelaps have on behaviour?

Answer 2

• Weakens olfactory learning and flying ability. Particularly influences their homing ability

Question 3

What effect does Small Hive Beetle have on behaviour?

Answer 3

• Undertakes trophallactic contact with nurse bees and this means that the beetles are kept alive due to chemical mimicry. Nurse bees will keep them in certain areas of the hive away from the brood and pollen.

Question 4

What effect does Asian Hornet have on behaviour?

Answer 4

• Foraging paralysis.
• Causes bees to become defensive.

Question 5

What effect does Israeli acute paralysis virus have on behaviour?

Answer 5

• Workers are less likely to feed or touch nestmates (trophallaxis) which is similar to social distancing to reduce spread of the virus
• Queens infected with IAPV had smaller ovaries and inhibited egg laying, leading to supersedure.

Question 6

What effect does Deformed Wing Virus have on behaviour?

Answer 6

• Faster behavioural maturation of workers
• Infected bees have less involvement in food processing tasks
• Increase in allogrooming
• Change to CHC profile

Question 7

What effect does Chalkbrood have on behaviour?

Answer 7

Brood nest fever where the temperature is raised.

Question 8

What effect does Sacbrood have on behaviour?

Answer 8

• Foraging starts earlier
• Infected workers stop feeding larvae
• Rarely collect pollen
• Causes failure at the 5th molt