6.2.5. Neonatology - Common Post-Natal Problems - ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Common ENT Problems in a Neonate?

A
  1. Airway Obstruction (See Respiratory)
  2. Choanal Atresia
  3. Pierre Robin Sequence
  4. Cleft Lip
  5. Cleft Palate
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2
Q

What is Choanal Atresia?

A

Nasal Obstruction

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3
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Choanal Atresia?

A
  1. Baby is Cyanotic at Rest
  2. “Pinks Up” with Crying
  3. If Bilateral, may need Oral Airway / Endotracheal Intubation
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4
Q

What are the Features of Pierre Robin Sequence?

A
  1. Very Small Jaw
  2. Tongue Obstruction
  3. (Possible) Cleft Pallate
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5
Q

What is the Complication / Treatment of Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

Respiratory Distress:

  1. Insert a Endotraceal Tube Nasally
  2. Humidified O2 / CPAP
  3. May need Endotracheal Intubation
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6
Q

What needs to be Felt and Visualise during Examination for Cleft Lip / Palate?

A
  1. Hard Palate
  2. Soft Palate
  3. Lip
    Note - Use a Tongue Depressor and Light Source
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7
Q

What is the Relationship between Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate?

A
  1. 70% of cases of Cleft Lip will also have Cleft Palate
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8
Q

What are the Different Types of Cleft Lip?

A
  1. Incomplete (Small Gap) vs Complete (To Nose)

2. Unilateral vs Bilateral

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9
Q

Why do Cleft Lips form?

A

Maxillary and Medial Nasal Processes Fail to Merge

Note - This usually happens around 5 weeks of Gestation

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10
Q

Why do Cleft Palates form?

A

2 Plates of the Skull forming the Hard Palate fail to Merge

Note - This happens by 9 weeks Festation

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11
Q

What is Cleft Soft Palate associated with?

A

Cleft Lip

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12
Q

What are the Different Types of Cleft Palate?

A
  1. Complete - Soft + Hard Palate Involved

2. Incomplete - “Hole” in the Roof of the Mouth

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13
Q

What are the Cleft Lip / Palate Issues?

A
  1. Feeding Issues - Special Bottles / Teats
  2. Airway Problems
  3. Associated Abnormalities - Need Hearing Screen / Cardiac Echo
    Note - Can still attempt Breast Feeding
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