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3rd Year - Paediatrics > 6.2.1. Neonatology - Common Post-Natal Problems - Skin > Flashcards

6.2.1. Neonatology - Common Post-Natal Problems - Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Broad Categories of Neonatal Skin Problems?

A
  1. Colour
  2. Rashes
  3. Birth Marks
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2
Q

What is considered in the Colour Category of Neonatal Skin Problems?

A
  1. Jaundice
  2. Pallor
  3. Plethora - Excess of Bodily Fluid (esp. Blood)
  4. Cyanosis
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3
Q

What is Considered in the Rashes Category of Neonatal Skin Problems?

A
  1. Benign - Milia / Miliaria / Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
  2. Infections
  3. Sebaceous Naevus
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4
Q

What are the Features of Milia?

A
  1. They are Hyperplastic Sebaceous Glands
  2. They Appear as White Papules on the Tip of the Nose
  3. They are the Effect of Transplacental Hormones
  4. They Disappear with Desquamation (Scraping)
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5
Q

What are the Features of Miliaria?

A
  1. They are Obstruction of Immature Sweat Glands

2. Commonly seen Secondary to Thermal Stress - with Crops of Lesions over the Face / Scalp / Trunk

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6
Q

What is the Difference between:

  1. Miliaria Crystallina?
  2. Miliaria Rubra?
A
  1. Miliaria Crystallina - Superficial Vessels / Skin does not appear inflamed
  2. Miliaria Rubra - Papules / Pustules from Obstruction in the Mid-Epidermis
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7
Q

What are the Features of Erythema Toxicum?

A
  1. Maculo-Papular Rash
  2. Occurs in 30-70% of Normal Term Neonates
  3. Very rare in Pre-Term Neonates
  4. Rash Fades by the End of the 1st Week
  5. No Treatment is Required
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8
Q

How do Skin Infections present in Neonates?

A
  1. Non-Benign Pustular Rashes - Commonest is Staph. Aureus
  2. Vesicle may be due to Herpetic Rashes
    Note - Infectious Skin Rashes are Relatively Rare
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9
Q

What are the Features of Sebaceous Naevus?

A
  1. They are Haemartomatous Lesions
  2. Sensitive to Androgens (produced during Puberty) - causing Lesions to become Larger and more Wart-Like
  3. Risk of Malignant Degeneration (Basal Cell Carcinoma) in Adulthood
  4. Elective Removal should be Considered
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10
Q

What is Considered in the Birth Marks Category of Neonatal Skin Problems?

A
  1. Capillary / Mixed Haemangiomas
  2. Mongolian Blue Spots
  3. Port-Wine Stains
  4. Stork Marks
  5. Giant Melanocytic Naevus
  6. Cafe Au Lait Spots
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11
Q

What are the Features of Capillary Haemangiomas?

A
  1. Cluster of Dilated Capillaries
  2. Appear within the 1st Month after Birth
  3. Appear Raised and Bright Red, with Discrete Edges
  4. Can Occur in Any Part of the Body
  5. Usually Regresses after 1 year of Age
    Note - Also known as “Strawberry Naevus”
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12
Q

What are the Features of a Mixed Haemangioma?

A
  1. Capillary Haemangioma + Deep Vascular Component

2. May Require Treatment

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13
Q

What are the Features of Mongolian Blue Spots?

A
  1. Blue-Grey Pigmentations
  2. Over the Lower Back / Buttocks
  3. Accumulation of Melanocytes
  4. Very common in Infants of Races with Pigmented Skin
  5. Becomes Less Obvious as the Skin Darkens
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14
Q

What are the Features of Port-Wine Stains?

A
  1. Present at Birth
  2. Flat / Slightly Raised
  3. Dilated Mature Capillaries in the Superficial Dermis
  4. Do Not Regress
  5. Sturge-Weber / Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Association
  6. Treated by Cosmetic Cover / Pulsed Dye Laser
    Note - Also known as Naevus Flammeus
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15
Q

What are the Features of Stork Marks?

A
  1. Light Colour Capillary Dilation
  2. Commonly seen at the Back of the Neck
  3. It may appear along the Midline of the Face
  4. Gradually Fades within the First 2 Years
    Note - Also known as Naevus Simplex
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16
Q

What are the Features of Giant Melanocytic Naevus?

A
  1. Large Area of Pigmentation
  2. Often becomes Hairy Later
  3. Long Term Concern about Malignant Change - but Rare
17
Q

What are the Features of Cafe Au Lait Spots?

A
  1. Caused by an Increased amount of Melanin in both Melanocytes / Epidermal Cells
  2. Typically Seen on Unexposed Skin
  3. May increase in Number with Age
  4. Common in Newborns
  5. Range from 2mm - 20cm
    Note - Presence of 6+ > 0.5cm diameter - consider Neurofibromatosis

3rd Year - Paediatrics (40 decks)

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