Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year - Paediatrics > 10. Paediatric Urology > Flashcards

10. Paediatric Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Systemic Manifestations of Urological Problems?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Vomiting
  3. Failure to Thrive
  4. Anaemia
  5. Hypertension
  6. Renal Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Local Manifestations of Urological Problems?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Changes in Urine
  3. Abnormal Voiding
  4. Mass
  5. Visible Abnormalities
  6. Incidental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Antenatal Manifestations of Urological Problems?

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Immediate Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Aetiology of Hernias?

A

Groin Swelling:

  1. 2% of Boys
  2. Boys 9:1
  3. 99% Indirect
  4. Increased Risk with Prematurity
  5. < 1 Year - 33% Incarcerate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Management of Hernias?

A
  1. < 1 Year - Urgent Referral and Repair
  2. > 1 Year - Elective Referral and Repair
  3. Incarcerated - Reduce and Repair on Same Admission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Clinical Features of a Hydrocele?

A
  1. Scrotal Swelling
  2. Very Common in Newborns
  3. Painless - Increases with Crying / Straining / Evening
  4. Blueish Colour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Management of Hydrocele?

A

Conservative until 5 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Clinical Features of Cryptorchidism?

A

Any Testis that Cannot be Manipulated into the Bottom Half of the Scrotum

  1. Retractile
  2. True Cryptorchidism
  3. Ectopic
  4. Ascending Testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What is the Management for Cryptorchidism?

2. What are the Indications for this?

A
  1. Orchidopexy
  2. a) Fertility - 1% Loss Germ Cells / Month Undescended
  3. b) Trauma
  4. c) Torsion
  5. d) Cosmetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Possible Causes of Undescended Testis?

A
  1. Atrophic
  2. Intra-Abdominal
  3. Absent
    Note - Previous Examination is Invaluable (Ultrasound / Laparoscopy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Indications for Circumcision?

A
  1. Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) - Absolute
  2. Balanprosthitis - Relative
  3. Religious - Relative
  4. UTI - Relative
    Note - There is no Medical Evidence for this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the Differential Diagnosis for an Acute Scrotum?

A
  1. Torsion Testis - 6 - 10, most common > 11 - 15 years old
  2. Torsion Appendix Testis - Infant - >15, most common Infant - 11 Years Old
  3. Epididymitis - 6 - >15, least common of the 3
    Note - 6-8 Hours to Recover the Testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of Antenatal Hydronephrosis?

A
  1. Vesico-Ureteric Reflux (VUR)
  2. Vesico-Ureteric Junction (VUJ) Obstruction
  3. Posterior Urethral Valves
  4. Multicystic Kidney (MCKD)
  5. Duplication Anomalies
  6. Pelvic-Ureteric Junction Obstruction - Dilation is not the same as Obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Management of Pelvic-Ureteric Junction Obstruction?

A

Isolated Hydronephrosis with no Vesico-Ureteric Reflux:

  1. Post-Natal Ultrasound
  2. Renography
  3. +/- Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With Regards to Antenatal Ultrasound, what are the:

  1. Advantages?
  2. Disadvantages?
A
  1. Permits Early Detection of Renal Pathology
  2. b) Intervening Early Improves Overall Outcome
  3. a) No Evidence Base for Criteria for Intervention
  4. b) No Consensus for Early Discharge
  5. c) Increased Parental Anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why might a Urinary Tract Infection be Investiagted?

A
  1. Prevent Renal Scarring - Reflux Nephropathy / Chronic Renal Failure
  2. Prevent Hypertension
17
Q

What are the Clinical Features of a Urinary Tract Infection?

A
  1. Pure Growth Bacteria > 10^5
  2. Pyuria
  3. Systemic Upset - Fever / Vomiting
18
Q

How is a Urinary Tract Infection Assessed?

A
  1. History / Examination
  2. Ultrasound Scan
  3. Renography
  4. Micturating Cystourethrogram
    Note - All < 6 Month / Atypical / Recurrent UTI’s should be investiagted
19
Q

What is looked for in a Urinary Tract Infection History / Examination?

A
  1. Family History
  2. Bowel Habit
  3. Voiding Dysfunction
20
Q

What is looked for in a Urinary Tract Infection Ultrasound?

A

1, Number

  1. Size
  2. Position
  3. Shape
  4. Hydronephrosis
21
Q

What are the Different Types of Renography?

A
  1. MAG3 - Drainage / Reflex (/ Function)
  2. DMSA - Scarring (/Function)
  3. Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCUG) - Overflow (Hydronephrosis) (How Large the Kidney is)
22
Q

What are the Different Vesico-Ureteric Reflux Gradings?

A

1 - Urine Reaches Kidney
to
5 - Kidney is Massively Dilated
Note - MAG3 / Micturating Cystourethrogram will show this

23
Q

What is the Management of Vesiico-Ureteric Reflux?

A
  1. Conservative - Voiding Advice / Constipation / Fluids
  2. Antibiotic Prophylaxis - Trimethoprim 2mg/Kg - until 4
  3. Submucosal Teflon Injection - Mild-Moderate with Symptoms
  4. Ureteric Reimplantation
24
Q

How is Hypospadias assessed?

A

Urethral Meatus on the Ventral Aspect of the Penis, Classification:

  1. Site of the Meatus
  2. Chordee
  3. Deficient Prepuce
  4. Rotation
  5. Scrotal Abnormality
25
Q

What are the Associated Anomalies of Hypospadias?

A
  1. Upper Tract

2. Intersex (Ambiguous Genitalia)

26
Q

What is the Management of Hypospadias?

A
  1. Ultrasound - If Severe
  2. 1 Stage / 2 Stage Procedure
    Note - Do Not Circumcise

3rd Year - Paediatrics (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions