6.1.6 Esters and Acid Anhydrides

Question 1

What is the functional group for an ester?

Answer 1

-COO.

Question 2

What two organic compounds form an ester?

Answer 2

A carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Question 3

What catalyst is required for a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to react and turn into an ester?

Answer 3

An acid catalyst.

Question 4

What is the reaction called when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react to go to an ester?

Answer 4

Esterification.

Question 5

What apparatus do you use for small esters and why?

Answer 5

Distillation
- due to small esters being more volatile than other compounds.

Question 6

What two apparatuses are used for large esters?

Answer 6

Reflux and fractional distillation.

Question 7

What makes up an acid anhydride?

Answer 7

Two carboxylic acid molecules.

Question 8

What compound can react with acid anhydrides and what are the products?

Answer 8

Alcohol
Products formed are an ester and a carboxylic acid.

Question 9

When an alcohol and an acyl chloride react, what are the products formed?

Answer 9

An ester and a hydrogen chloride gas.

Question 10

Describe acid hydrolysis.

Answer 10

Splits the ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. You have to reflux the ester with a dilute acid.

Question 11

Describe base hydrolysis.

Answer 11

You have to reflux the ester with a dilute alkali, such as NaOH. You get a carboxylate salt and an alcohol.