6.1.2 Electrophilic Substitution

Question 1

What is the equation for the formation of the electrophile for nitration of benzene?

Answer 1

H2SO4 + HNO3 -> NO2+ + H2O + HSO4-.

Question 2

What is the equation for the regeneration of the catalyst for nitration of benzene?

Answer 2

HSO4- + H+ -> H2SO4.

Question 3

Why is it beneficial for temperature to be a catalyst in the nitration of benzene?

Answer 3

• Prevents further substitution.

Question 4

What is the equation for the formation of the electrophile for halogenation of benzene?

Answer 4

Cl2 + AlCl3 -> AlCl4- + Cl+.

Question 5

What is the equation for the regeneration of the catalyst for halogenation of benzene?

Answer 5

AlCl4- + H+ -> AlCl3 + HCl.

Question 6

Define alkylation.

Answer 6

• Increases the number of carbon atoms in a compound.

Question 7

What is the equation for the formation of the electrophile for alkylation?

Answer 7

CH3Cl + AlCl3 -> CH3+ + AlCl4-.

Question 8

What is the equation for the regeneration of the catalyst for alkylation?

Answer 8

H+ + AlCl4- -> AlCl3 + HCl.

Question 9

What is the equation for the formation of the electrophile for acylation?

Answer 9

CH3COCl + AlCl3 -> CH3CO+ + AlCl4-.

Question 10

What is the equation for the regeneration of the catalyst for acylation?

Answer 10

H+ + AlCl4- -> AlCl3 + HCl.