6.1.4 Aldehydes and Ketones Flashcards
Where is the functional group of an aldehyde found on the carbon chain?
At the end of the carbon chain.
Where is the functional group of a ketone found on the carbon chain?
In the middle of the carbon chain.
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
Distillation
Acidified Potassium Dichromate
Secondary alcohol to ketone
Reflux
Acidified Potassium Dichromate
Aldehyde to primary alcohol
Sodium Borohydride
Ketone to secondary alcohol
Sodium Borohydride
When hydrogen cyanide reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a hydroxynitrile, what mechanism is involved?
Nucleophilic addition
Define the term nucleophile.
Electron pair donor.
Why is hydrogen cyanide defined as a weak acid?
Partially dissociates in water to form hydrogen and cyanide ions.
Why is sodium cyanide used instead of hydrogen cyanide in a laboratory?
Less toxic gas.
What observations are made when 2,4-DNP reacts with aldehydes and ketones?
Orange precipitate.
Why can’t 2,4-DNP react with carboxylic acids?
Doesn’t contain the C=O group.
How do you determine the carbonyl compound when the 2,4-DNP has been added to the solution?
Measure the melting point of the crystals and compare it against the known melting points of the derivative.
What reagent is used to identify between an aldehyde and a ketone?
Tollens’ reagent.
What observations is made when you add Tollens’ reagent to an aldehyde?
Silver mirror.
