6.10. (9/30) Reproductive Strategies and Social Relations Flashcards

1
Q

hermaphrodites

A

combined male and female function in the same individual

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2
Q

what conditions favor hermaphrodism?

A
  1. low mobility
  2. low overlap of resources by males and females
  3. sharing costs for male and female function (common)
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3
Q

overlap

A
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4
Q

when does hermaphrodism make sense?

A
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

monoecious plants

A

have separate male and female flowers on a single individual

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8
Q

dioecious plants

A

within individual one sex

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9
Q

sequential hermaphroditism

A

Can switch sex if need be
ex. clownfish

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10
Q

simultaneous hermaphroditism

A

ex snail

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11
Q

what determines the sex of reptilian offspring?

A

temperature

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12
Q

polygynous species

A

one male with many females

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13
Q

polyandrous

A

one female with many males

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14
Q

promiscuous

A

any with any

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15
Q

monogamous

A

pairings for short period times or lifetimes

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16
Q

fecundity

A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

sexual selection

A

differences in reproductive rates among individuals that result from differences in their mating success

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19
Q

sexual dimorphism

A
20
Q

intrasexual selection

A

individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates

21
Q

intersexual selection

A

members of one sex consistently choose mates on the basis of a particular trait

22
Q

why does sexual selection act upon the male species?

A

energetic cost

23
Q

intersexual selection: good health hypothesis

A
24
Q

intersexual selection: good genes hypothesis

A
25
Q

runaway sexual selection

A

females drive further elaboration of male traits

26
Q

what might counterbalance runaway sexual selection?

A

natural selection

27
Q

handicap hypothesis/principle

A
  • *incorrect
28
Q
A

reproductive success not length of life

29
Q

o morph

A
30
Q

b morph

A
31
Q

y morph

A
32
Q

rock-paper-scissor scenerio

A
33
Q

why are pipefish the exception?

A

reversed roles
- colorful female
- female deposits gametes to male
- female competes for mates

34
Q

social animals

A
  • found in groups
  • some fish for protection
  • sophisticated
35
Q

what are the advantages of group living?

A
  • less time looking for predators
  • less time eating food
36
Q

what are the disadvantages of group living?

A
  • spend more time looking for food
37
Q

what is sentinel behavior?

A
38
Q

what is altruistic behavior?

A
39
Q

cooperative breeding: inclusive fitness and kin selection

A
  • individual overall fitness not just a function of offspring directly produced
40
Q

cooperative breeding:

A
41
Q

what is hamilton’s rule?

A
42
Q

what is cooperative breeding?

A
43
Q

which species engage in cooperative breeding?

A

sub-saharan africa
woodhoopoes

44
Q

why do woodhoopoes breed cooperatively?

A
  1. increase inclusive fitness: raise and protect close relatives
    2.
45
Q

How could cooperative breeding evolve?

A
46
Q
A