6 - types of ltm

Question 1

who came up with three types of ltm

Answer 1

tulving

Question 2

what are the three types of ltm

Answer 2

episodic, semantic, procedural

Question 3

what are episodic memories

Answer 3

events from our lives, time stamped, elements such as people and places

Question 4

when we recall episodic memories, how do we have to think about them?

Answer 4

actively

Question 5

what are semantic memories

Answer 5

knowledge of the world, facts in the broadest sense

Question 6

what are procedural memories

Answer 6

actions or skills

Question 7

how do we recall procedural memories

Answer 7

without conscious awareness or a great deal of effort

Question 8

what is the duration of clive wearings memory?

Answer 8

7 seconds

Question 9

what is clive unable to do with new information

Answer 9

rehearse it

Question 10

what has clive not been able to transfer and what does this make him feel like?

Answer 10

not able to transfer any new long term memories and hence always feels like he has just awoken from consciousness

Question 11

what does clive have difficulty retrieving?

Answer 11

his existing long term memories

Question 12

what type of long term memories is clive able to remember?

Answer 12

procedural memories

Question 13

what does the case of clive wearing demonstrate?

Answer 13

how the stm and ltm are different stores as one store is more impaired than the other, illustrating that they therefore must be independent of one another

Question 14

how do the cases of hm and clive wearing support tulvings view that there are different types of memory stores? (strength)

Answer 14

the episodic memory of both men was severely damaged, however their semantic memories were hardly impaired.

Question 15

how do brain scan studies show that different types of memories are stored in different parts of the brain? (tulving) (strength)

Answer 15

tulving got participants to complete different tasks to do with memory whilst their brains were scanned with a pet scanner. found that episodic and semantic memories were both recalled from the prefrontal cortex. episodic recalled from the right side and semantic from the left side. confirms that ltm are being stored in different areas of the brain.

Question 16

how is belleville et al and being able to identify different aspects of ltm a strength of the types of ltm? (strength)

Answer 16

being able to identify different aspects of ltm allows psychologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to better peoples lives. belleville et al demonstrated that episodic memories can be improved in older people who have mild cognitive impairment. the trained participants performed better on a test of episodic memory after training than the control group. episodic memory is the type of memory most often affected by mild cognitive impairment, which highlights the benefit of being able to distinguish between types of ltm because it enables specific treatments to be developed.