1 - coding Flashcards
define coding
changing the format of information for use in memory
how is information coded in the sensory register?
senses (iconic and echoic)
how is information coded in the stm
acoustically
how is information coded in the ltm
semantically
how does coding from the sensory register to the stm work?
we take in information from the senses and code it into a memory trace
how does coding work in the ltm?
we code information into a memory trace, which has meaning in our ltm
who gave lots of words to four different groups to remember?
baddeley
what were baddeley’s four groups?
acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar, semantically dissimilar
what were baddeley’s tasks?
participants had to recall the words in the same order straight after hearing (stm recall)
participants had to recall the words after 20 minutes (ltm recall)
during stm recall, participants tended to be worse with what group of words?
acoustically similar
during ltm recall, participants tended to be worse at remembering what group of words?
semantically similar
what does baddeley’s study suggest?
ltm is coded semantically
how is artificial stimuli a weakness of baddeley’s study?
the words were artificial. the information had no meaning behind it to the participants. people may use semantic coding for stm tasks if the information has some personal meaning . this suggests the findings have limited application
how is baddeley’s test of ltm a weakness of his study?
he may not have tested ltm, is 20 minutes long enough to be considered long term memory?
how is stm not being exclusively acoustic a weakness of baddeley’s study? (brandimote et al)
in general, stm does seem to reply on acoustic coding for storing information. however, it has also been proven that visual codes are also used in stm. brandimote et al found that participants used visual coding when given pictures to remember
