6. The purpose and management of the technology and information function Flashcards
Information systems help to
Plan
Control
Aid decision making
Data
facts or figures in a raw unprocessed format
Information
data that has been processed to have meaning to the end user
Information flow
Input raw data
Process - analysis
Output - reporting
Process of converting data into information may include
Data collection Data evaluation Data analysis Data interpretation Data reporting
Characteristics of good information
ACCURATE
Accurate Complete Cost Effective Understandable Relevant Accessible Timely Ease of use
Types of information system
Information systems
Information technology
Information systems
provision and management of information to support the running of the business
Information technology
supporting equipment (hardware) that provides infrastructure to run the information systems
Levels of information
Strategic
Tactical
Operational
Strategic
long term complex decisions
used by directors and senior managers
Tactical
medium term made by middle management
used by managers at all levels i.e. stock analysis, productivity measures
Operational
day to day
i.e. ordering stock, payroll details
Management information systems (MIS)
converts internal and external data into useful information
Executive information systems (EIS)
gives senior execs internal and external info. Presented in a user friendly way that can be drilled down
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
aids managers to make decisions, predicts a number of difference scenarios and manager uses final judgement to make decision
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
processes routine business transactions i.e. sales and purchase info
Expert systems
hold specialist knowledge i.e. law, taxation and allow non experts to interrogate them for information advice and recommended decisions
Use of information systems in a factory
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Use of information systems in an office
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Email
Internet
Video and teleconferencing
Intranet
private network within an organisation
Extranet
private secure extension of an intranet
Network
LAN (local area network)
WAN (wide area network)
Centralised IS
all functions based out of a single, central location like a a head office
Decentralised IS
functions spread out throughout the organisation’s location
Evaluating a new information system
Cost benefit analysis
Systems implementation
Installation Testing Staff training File conversion Changeover
System changeover
Direct
Parallel
Pilot
Phased
System evaluation
Cost benefit review
Measuring system performance
Post implementation review
Types of system maintenance
corrective
adaptive
perfective (preventative)
3cs of implementation
Commitment
Coordination
Communication
Overcoming user resistance
Kotter, Schlesinger and Sache
Education and communication
Participation
Facilitation and support
Negotiation
Maintenance and cooptation
Power/ coercion
Lewin’s force field analysis
Restraining forces
Driving forces
IS outsourcing
ad hoc
project management
partial
total
Service level agreement
service level exit route timescale software ownership dependencies employment issues
Dial back security
requires users to identify themselves before the system dials them back on their authorised number before allowing access
Five moral dimensions of the information age
Information rights and privacy Property rights Accountability and controls Systems quality Quality of life
IT enabled transformation
remote working
hot desking
virtual teams
