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A Physiology > 6. Physiology of blood I., Blood groups > Flashcards

6. Physiology of blood I., Blood groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal value of blood?

A

60 - 80 ml/kg
(70kg adult ~ 5L blood)

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2
Q

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Regulation
  3. Protection
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3
Q

Main function of bloood is transport
-> Which substance is involved?

A

O2, CO2
metabolites, nutrients and waste products hormones
heat

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4
Q

4 major factors that blood need to regulate

A
  1. Salt-water balance
  2. osmotic concentration
  3. acid-base balance
  4. body temperature
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5
Q

How can blood involve in protection of body?

A
  1. Immune defense (pathogens, cancer cells)
  2. Hemostasis (blood clotting)
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6
Q

2 parts of blood

A
  1. Blood plasma
  2. Cellular elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
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7
Q

What is the composition of blood plasma?

A

90% water
8% plasma proteins
2% other organic compounds, electrocytes

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8
Q

What does cellular elements in blood include?

A
  1. RBCs
  2. WBCs
  3. Platelets
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9
Q

Calculate hematocrit

A

= height of RBCs/Total height

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10
Q

What is the normal value of hematocrit?

A

0.4 - 0.45

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11
Q

Which part that makes blood plasma similar to interstitial fluid?

A

Ionic composition

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12
Q

Blood plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by ___

A

capillary membrane (highly permeable)

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13
Q

What makes blood plasma different from interstital fluid?

A

Protein concentration

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14
Q

Concentration of proteins in blood plasma

A

7g/dL
1 mmol/L
14mEq/L

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15
Q

Concentration of proteins in interstitial fluid

A

1g/dL

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16
Q

Capillaries have ____ (low/high) permeability to proteins

A

Low

17
Q

The role of proteins in blood plasma

A

They are responsible for the osmotic pressure graident between intravascular and intnerstitial component

18
Q

What are the 3 principal plasma proteins?

A
  1. Albumins
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
19
Q

Albumin is the major contributor to the ___

A

colloid osmotic pressure

20
Q

3 principal plasma proteins are albumin, globulins, fibrineogen
-> Give the distribution of the total colloid osmotic pressure

A
  1. Albumin ~ 80%
  2. globulins ~ 20%
  3. fibrinogen ~ 0%
21
Q

Proteins in blood plasma produced by ___

A
  • The liver (majority)
  • B-lymphocytes (immunoglobulins)
22
Q

Cellular elements of blood

Identify

A
23
Q

What is the normal value of RBCs

A

4.5 - 5 milion/µl

24
Q

What is the normal value of platelets?

A

300 000/ µl

25
Q

What is the normal value of WBCs?

A

7000/µl

26
Q

What is the normal value of polymorphonuclear cell (granulocyte neutrophil)?

A

4000/µl

27
Q

What is the normal value of lymphocytes (WBCs)?

A

2000/µl

28
Q

What is the normal value of eosinophils (WBCs)?

A

200/µl

29
Q

What is the normal value of basophils (WBCs)?

A

50/µl

30
Q

What is life span of RBCs?

A

120 days

31
Q

What is life span platelets?

A

7 - 10 days

32
Q

What is life span of WBCs?

A

8 hours to years

33
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

The process by which blood cells are formed

34
Q

What are the 2 types of hematopoeisis?

A
  1. Constitutive (steady-state)
  2. Shess-induced
35
Q

What is constitutive hematopoiesis?

A

continuous replenishment of blood cells throughout lifetime

36
Q

What is shess-induced hematopoiesis?

A

increased output of certain blood cells induced by a shess signal

37
Q

2 examples of shess-induced hematopoiesis

A
  1. Hypoxia: increased RBC production
  2. Infection: increased PMN production
38
Q

Where can you observe hematopoiesis?

A
  1. intrauterine: yolk sac -> liver, spleen -> bone marrow
  2. Extrauterine: exclusively in red bone marrow + lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes
39
Q

What are hematopoietic stem cells?

A

immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

A Physiology (20 decks)

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