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301 CLINICAL IMAGING > 6. Pelvis and hips > Flashcards

6. Pelvis and hips Flashcards

1
Q

what are avulsion fractures commonly caused by

A

muscle contraction and chronic stress

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2
Q

what are the 3 common sites of avulsion fractures in the pelvis

A

anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

what is the muscle associated with anterior superior iliac spine avulsion

A

sartorius

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4
Q

what is the muscle associated with anterior inferior iliac spine avulsion

A

rectus femoris

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5
Q

what is the muscle associated with ischial tuberosity avulsion

A

adductor magnus

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6
Q

what shape is the male vs female pelvic inlet

A

male is V shaped

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7
Q

what are stable pelvic fractures

A

portions of pelvis are still attached doesnt mean whole pelvis is unstable

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8
Q

where are the common areas of stable pelvic fractures

A

through superior inferior rami and sacral alae

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9
Q

what are unstable pelvic fractures

A

involves rings such as pelvic inlet and obturator foramen

one portion of the pelvis to become loose and havent got contact point

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10
Q

what are AP compression injuries due to - 3 things

A

head on motor vehicle collisions
motorcycle accident
pedestrian is struck by vehicle

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11
Q

what direction is the force in a AP compression injury

A

AP or PA

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12
Q

what are lateral compression injuries due to - 2 things

A

side impact motor vehicle collisions

pedestrians struck from the side

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13
Q

what are vertical shear injuries due to - 2 things

A

fall from height

motor vehicle collisions

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14
Q

what is the vector of force in vertical shear injuries

A

caudocranial

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15
Q

what do vertical shear injuries normally involve in terms of the pelvis anatomy

A

usually involving 1 hemipelvis

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16
Q

what does AP compression injuries involve in terms of pelvic anatomy

A

diastasis of pubic symphysis

17
Q

what does lateral compression injuries involve in terms of pelvic anatomy

2 fractures

A

fracture of obturator foramen and sacrum

18
Q

what does vertical shear injuries involve in terms of pelvic anatomy

2 fractures and one other injury

A

obturator foramen fracture and sacrum/SIJ fracture and one hemipelvis pushed out of line

19
Q

what are characteristic features of an AP compression injury

2 things

A

symphyseal and SIJ diastasis

20
Q

what are characteristic features of a lateral compression injury

2 things

A

sacral buckle fracture and overlapping pubic rami fractures

21
Q

what are characteristic features of a vertical shear injury

2 things

A

hemipelvis displaced in cranial direction

associated SIJ diastasis

22
Q

what needs to be assessed for sacral fractures

A

arcuate lines, if crinkled indicates fracture

23
Q

is xray or CT better for sacral fractures

A

CT

24
Q

if you see too much of lesser trochanter is the femur head int or ext rotated and what is the foot like

A

external rotation

foot is too far out

25
Q

if a fracture of the femur head is intracapsular/through neck of femur what will it do to the blood supply

A

will cut off blood supply leading to avascular necrosis of femur head

26
Q

what are the 5 types of femur head fractures

A 
subcapital
transcervical
bse of neck/basicervical
intertrochanteric
subtrochanteric
27
Q

what is a femoral neck fracture in terms of the capsule

A

intra capsular - within hip joint and beneath the fibrous joint capsule

28
Q

what is a intertrochanteric fracture in terms of the capsule

A

extra capsule - outside of hip joints fibrous capsule

29
Q

where are subtrochanteric fractures

A

located distal to the lesser trochanter in proximal part of femur shaft

30
Q

what is the subtrochanteric fractures stability in relation to the other 2 types of hip fractures

A

less stable as they move

31
Q

what is the shenton line and where is it

A

along neck of femur and roof of obturator foramen

if displaced, neck of femur fracture is present

32
Q

what are the dislocations for hips

A

posterior

anterior central

33
Q

most hip dislocations are in what direction

A

posterior

34
Q

what is a common associated finding of hip dislocations

A

acetabulum

35
Q

the lower limb is commonly orientated what way in hip dislocations

A

internally rotated, adducted and flexed

36
Q

what does posterior dislocations look like on film

A

appears are having risen up

37
Q

what is the treatment for hip fractures

A

post reduction

38
Q

what can happen with posterior hip dislocation in terms of the joint

A

intra-articular fragments can occur

39
Q

what is the mechanism for anterior hip dislocations

A

MVA or blow to back while squatting

forced abduction

301 CLINICAL IMAGING (10 decks)

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