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301 CLINICAL IMAGING > 5. Knees & Tib/Fib > Flashcards

5. Knees & Tib/Fib Flashcards

1
Q

the lower leg is what structure and what does this mean for fractures

A

ring structure

fracture of one bone might also include a fracture of the other bone or include a disruption of a joint

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2
Q

what are toddler’s fractures in terms of fracture line and where it is in the bone

A

non displaced spiral or oblique fracture through the distal 3rd of the tibia

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3
Q

what are tibial stress fractures caused by in children

A

chronic mechanism stress/repetitive force

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4
Q

what do tibial stress fractures look like

A

increased density in area and can have callous formation if its a repairing stress fracture

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5
Q

what type of fractures are tibial stress fractures

A

insufficiency fractures

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6
Q

what are tibial stress fractures caused by in older patients

A

abnormal bone with normal forces

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7
Q

what is knee joint filled with

A

synovial fluid

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8
Q

what holds the patella in place

A

tendons

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9
Q

if there is a # in the knee area what can happen in terms of the joint space

A

bleed into knee joint and fat from marrow of bone can get into joint leading to effusion or lipohaemarthrosis

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10
Q

what does a normal suprapatellar bursae look like

A

nice and flat, not thickened

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11
Q

what does an abnormal suprapatellar bursae look like

A

thickened

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12
Q

what are the 6 types of patella fractures

A 
transverse
vertical
marginal
comminuted
osteochondral
sleeve
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13
Q

sleeve patella fractures occur in which type of patient and what happens what happens if its not treated

A

only in children

cartilage pulls off the patella almost like avulsion

if not treated bone can keep growing and form an additional patella

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14
Q

what needs to be considered for patella fractures

A

dont bend knee as it may displace it

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15
Q

what leads to patella alta

A

avulsion # of inferior patella

fragment of bone pulled off and stays behind onto patella ligament

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16
Q

what cant the patient do with patella alta

A

cant extend knee

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17
Q

what happens to the patella in patella alta in terms of location

A

gets pulled up

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18
Q

what is bipartite patella

A

Normal variant occurring in supralateral aspect of patella but looks like a # as patella ossification centre hasn’t ossified properly

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19
Q

what is the tibial plateau 5mm rule

A

Draw line from lat condyle femur straight down

If small section sticking out is >5mm know we need to look for tib plateau #

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20
Q

what is a schatzke 1 tibial plateau fracture

A

lateral tibial plateau fracture without depression

21
Q

what is a schatzke 2 tibial plateau fracture

A

lateral tibial plateau fracture with depression

22
Q

what is a schatzke 3 tibial plateau fracture

A

compression fracture at the tibial plateau - lateral depression into tibial metaphysis

23
Q

what is a schatzke 4 tibial plateau fracture

A

medial tibial plateau fracture

24
Q

what is a schatzke 5 tibial plateau fracture

A

bicondylar tibial plateau fracture

25
Q

what is a schatzke 6 tibial plateau fracture

A

tibial plateau fracture with diaphyseal discontinuity

metaphyseal fracture that separates from the diaphysis

26
Q

what is schatzke 1 tibial plateau fracture caused by

A

valgus stress

bumper injury - Something pushes joint inwards and femoral and tibial condyles press together

27
Q

which is the most common type of tibial plateau fracture caused by

A

type 2

28
Q

what patients are likely to get type 1 tibial plateau fracture

A

younger patients with stronger bones which are resistant to depression

29
Q

what patients are likely to get type 2 tibial plateau fracture

A

older patient with osteoporosis that does not resist depression

30
Q

what are the 2 types of fracture types that could be involved in a type 4 tibial plateau fracture

A

split fracture or split depression

31
Q

what part of the tibia and what nerve can also be involved in the type 4 tibial plateau fracture

A

tibial spines

peroneal nerve

32
Q

what happens to the metaphysis and diaphysis in the type 5 tibial plateau fracture

A

metaphysis still in continuity with diaphysis

33
Q

what causes type 5 tibial plateau fracture

A

pure axial stress with severe trauma

34
Q

what articular surfaces are involved in the type 6 tibial plateau fracture

A

medial, lateral or both

35
Q

what is osteochondritis dissecans and what causes it

A

reduced blood flow to the area due to repetitive stress

36
Q

what happens to the area involved in osteochondritis dissecans

A

area becomes avascular, necrotic and brittle and can fragment into the joint

37
Q

what surfaces do osteochondritis dissecans occur on

A

convex surfaces

38
Q

what is osgood schlatter

A

osteochondritis of tibial tubercle

39
Q

what causes osgood schlatter

A

repetitive extensor mechanism stress causing microtears, fractures and inflammation

40
Q

what could happen in osgood schlatter if its not treated

A

self limiting so could develop bump under skin

41
Q

what do neoplasms - osteosarcomas look like in images

A

onion skinning periosteal reaction and codmans triangle show malignancy

42
Q

how are neoplasms - osteosarcomas treated or managed

A

Limb salvage therapy and surgery to remove bone and muscle flaps surgically brought across to allow patient movement, whole bone removed

43
Q

what are pathological fractures

A

tumor erodes bone and weakens bone increasing fracture risk

44
Q

what are exostoses

A

benign growths of bone

45
Q

which way do exostoses grow

A

away from joint

46
Q

what is hereditary/multiple exostoses

A

diaphyseal aclasis

47
Q

what images are taken for knee OA

A

weight bearing sees joint space when gravity is acting on knee

48
Q

what is OA characterised by - 4 things

A

Characterised by narrowed joint space, sclerotic margin, subchondral cysts and osteophytes

301 CLINICAL IMAGING (10 decks)

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