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301 CLINICAL IMAGING > 1a. Fracture Classifications > Flashcards

1a. Fracture Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

what is a complete fracture

what kind of person gets these fractures

A

involves both cortices of the bone

in adults

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2
Q

what is an incomplete fracture

what kind of person gets these fractures

A

involves one cortex of bone

in children (greenstick)

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3
Q

what is a torus fracture

is it compelte/incomplete

A

incomplete fracture type

buckling of the cortex (AKA buckle fracture)

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4
Q

what is a dislocation

is this a complete/partial disruption

A

body components of a joint are no longer in contact with each other

complete disruption

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5
Q

what is a subluxation

is this a complete/partial disruption

A

bony elements of the joint are partially in contact with each other

partial disruption of the joint

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6
Q

what are the 4 other factors to consider for fractures

A

direction of fracture line
relationship of fragments
number of fragments
communication with atmosphere

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of common bone fracture lines

A

transverse
oblique
spiral
comminuted

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8
Q

describe the appearance of a transverse fracture line

A

perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

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9
Q

what is a transverse fracture caused by

A

force perpendicular to the bone

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10
Q

describe the appearance of a oblique fracture line

A

at an oblique angle to the long axis of the bone

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11
Q

what is a oblique fracture caused by

A

caused by force in the same direction as the long axis of the bone or the direction of the fracture

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12
Q

describe the appearance of a spiral fracture line

A

twisting fracture

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13
Q

what is a spiral fracture caused by

A

caused by torque injury

eg planting foot in hole whilst running

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14
Q

describe the appearance of a longitudinal fracture line

A

vertical

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15
Q

what is a longitudinal fracture caused by

A

cranio-caudal forces = shear off

eg fall from a height

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16
Q

what is a impacted fracture caused by

A

when broken section is jammed together

17
Q

what are the 2 terms used to refer to the number of fragments

when do you use the terminology

A

simple = 2 frag

comminuted = >2 frag

if its simple, dont need to say it, only name it when its >2

18
Q

what causes comminuted fractures

A

high speed/impact injury

19
Q

what are larger bone pieces named in a comminuted fracture

A

butterfly fragments

20
Q

what is a stress fracture and how is it formed

A

microfractures from repetitive strain

21
Q

what is an avulsion fracture and what causes it

A

tendon/ligament pulls of a piece of bone where it attaches

22
Q

what is a pathological fracture

A

fracture that occurs due to pathology which often weakens the bone

23
Q

what are the 4 terms to describe the relationship of fragments

A

displacement
angulation
shortening
rotation

24
Q

what is displacement of fragments

A

amount of off set of the distal fragment relative to the proximal fragment

25
Q

what is shortening of fragments

how is usually described

A

overlapping of the ends of the fracture fragments

described by number of cms of overlap

26
Q

what is angulation of fragments

A

the angle away from normal that the distal fragment makes with the proximal

27
Q

what type of bone is most common for rotation of fragments

A

almost always involves long bones

28
Q

what are the 2 types of communication of a fracture with the atmosphere

A

closed or open

29
Q

how do you tell if the fracture is open/closed

when do you need to specify

A

open fractures will have air bubbles in the tissue

specify only if its open, no need to state its a closed fracture

30
Q

what is SBASS short for

A

soft tissue signs
bones
alignment
satisfaction of search

31
Q

what is soft tissue signs

A

swelling

air in the tissues

lipohaemarthrosis

effussion

32
Q

what does bones in SBASS mean

A

exact location on bone

33
Q

what is meant by alignment in SBASS

A

pattern of fracture

displacement/angulation

intra-articular involvement

301 CLINICAL IMAGING (10 decks)

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