6. Oxygen balance and Acid-Base Flashcards

- Determinanten O2 balans - Stoornis in O2 delivery - Monitoren O2 balans - Zuur-base monitoring

1
Q

Oxygen Balance

A
  • O2 content, O2 delivery, O2 consumption
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2
Q

Oxygen delivery

A
  • O2 aanwezig in weefsel
  • 3-4x hogen dan behoefte
  • Bepaalt door CO + CaO2 (O2 content)
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3
Q

CaO2

A

((Hb [g/dL] x 1.34 x SaO2 [%]) + (0.0031 x PaO2 [mmHg]))

  • Normaal +/- 18-20 mL/dL
  • Hb dissocieert sneller bij lage PaO2 (compensatie voor lage O2 content) -> nog meer bij acidose of koorts
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4
Q

Cardiac Output

A

HARTFREQUENTIE X SLAGVOLUME
- SV = preload, afterload en contractiliteit
Preload: eind-diastolisch volume in ventrikel (L/R) -> compliantie en vulling (veneuze return)
Afterload: transmurale druk nodig voor ejectie tijdens systole (mean art druk en vasculaire weerstand)
Contractiliteit: toename = toename SV

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5
Q

Oxygen consumption

A
  • ScvO2 = centraal veneus O2% (benadering van SvO2 gemengde veneuze)
  • > 65% is normaal, centraal veneus iets lager dan veneus (2-3, bij hypoperfusie 5-7)
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6
Q

Lactaat

A
  • Anaerobe verbranding => inadequate perfusie

- Verminderde hepatische klaring, vasoactieve medicatie

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7
Q

Fluid Responsiveness

A
  • 15% variatie bij mechanisch geventileerde patient = ondervulling
  • Vullen of Vt verlagen (minder variatie)
  • Passive leg raise -> +/- 300mL bloed -> 30-60 seconden significant verschil
  • Fluid challenge = 250-500mL in 5-10 min
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8
Q

Zuur-base

A
  1. Acidose / alkalose
  2. Metabool [HCO3] of respiratoir [PaCO2]
  3. Respiratoir - acuut of chronisch
  4. Metabool - respiratoire compensatie?
  5. ANION GAP!
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9
Q

Metabole acidose

A
  • Endogene productie (ketoacidose, lactaat), exogene input (toxine), verlies HCO3 (diarree), verminderde excretie H+
  • Compensatie door hyperventilatie (dPaCO2 = 1.2 x d[HCO3]). Max tot 10 mmHg
  • Normaal AG (10+/-4): hypercholermisch, verlies HCO3 (renaal/GI), vulling
  • Verhoogde AG: lactaat, nierfalen, ketoacidose, methanol!
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10
Q

Metabole alkalose

A
  • Chloride-responsief = hypovolemisch
  • Chloride-resistent = hypervolemisch
  • Vaak hypokaliemie
  • Toename alkali en verstoorde excretie = diuretica, braken, RAAS activatie
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11
Q

Respiratoire acidose

A
  • Ineffectieve ventilatie
  • Acuut: 0.08 daling pH per 10mmHg stijging PaCO2; per 10mmHg PaCO2, 1 mmol/L HCO3 tot max 30-32
  • Chronisch: 0.03 daling pH per 10mmHg stijging PaCO2; per 10 mmHg PaCO2, 3.5 mmol/L HCO3 max 45
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12
Q

Respiratoire alkalose

A
  • Primair hyperventilatie

- 2 mmol/L HCO3 acuut, 5 mmol/L HCO3 chronisch

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