6. New France in 1663 ✅ Flashcards
How was New France underdeveloped?
Demographically (lack of population) and economically (wealth).
Who expanded the territory of New France to make it even larger?
Samuel de Champlain
How was New France expanded?
By the efforts of French colonists trying to gain furs. The deeper they went into the territory, the more territory they were able to claim.
What territories did New France consist of in 1663?
Canada, Acadia and parts of Newfoundland.
What happened to the Company of 100 Associates in 1663?
They never accomplished their goals, so their monopoly was revoked in 1663 and they no longer had the right to participate in the fur trade.
What did King Louis XIV establish?
A royal government in New France which changed the way the colony was governed.
What were the goals of the royal government?
To increase the population of the colony, and to stimulate the exploitation of the colonies resources and diversify the economy.
Why was King Louis nicknamed the “Sun King”?
Because he was considered godly.
What is unique about him being king?
He ascended the throne when he was only 4, making him one of the youngest kings in the history of France.
What was his role?
He was the absolute monarch, to not only reign as king, but to govern as well.
What happened under his reign?
The French colonial empire expanded a never done before expansion.
What would happen if anyone questioned the king?
They would face serious punishments.
What was absolutism?
It was a kings absolute power that was considered to be attributed by God.
What is a liaison?
Someone who does something for you or speaks for you.
Why did the King need a liaison?
Because he was responsible for the affairs of all of France and its colonies.
Who was appointed to this task?
The Minister of the Marine
What was the Minister of the Marine responsible for?
He was responsible for all the colonies, and gave the governor general and intendant directives that had to follow them and report back to him.
What were these reports called?
Memorandums
Where did the Minister of the Marine stay and why was it bad?
He remained in France, which was bad because he was so far from the governor general and intendant, so he didn’t know if they were doing what he told them to do.
Who was the Minister of the Marine under king Louis?
Jean-Baptise Colbert.
What was he widely credited with?
Bringing France back from the edge of financial ruin.
What was his form of mercantilism called and what was it a form of?
Colbertism which was a form of mercantilism that had a military like formality.
What did this concept develop?
The development of the Navy, the establish of ports, colonial expansion and the creation of large monopolistic companies.
What was the Sovereign council made up of and where did they remain in?
The governor general, the intendant, the bishop and a few other officials. They remained in New France.
What tasks did the Sovereign council have?
Regulating the fur trade, create a system of courts to pass laws, to create a system of lower courts in urban centres and to appoint officials.
What was the Governor general responsible for?
The colonies external (outside) affairs like managing the colony’s military affairs and relations with Native people and the English.
Why would no one question the governor general?
Because he was the highest authority of New France, he represented the king and acted on his behalf.
What was the Intendant responsible for?
The colonies internal (inside) affairs within the colony like finance, trade, justice, economic development, populating the territory.
What was the governor general responsible for in military matters?
To command troops, develop strategies, organize attacks and ensure the colony’s safety.
What two groups of men took up arms against enemies?
The army and the militia who were a group of citizens who had to take up arms against any kind of threat or enemy without military training.
What did the army consist of?
Regular soldiers that were trained for warfare.
What did they wear and who were they paid by?
They wore official uniforms and were paid wages by the state.
What are characteristics of militiamen?
They weren’t part of the army, they were expected to fight and carry out military tasks if the governor general called upon them, they were rarely paid and their immediate commander was usually a militia captain.
What did the king do in 1665?
The King sent the first major military contingent (group of soldiers) to the colony.
What was this regiment (group of soldiers) called?
The Carignan - Salières
What was it composed of?
1200 soldiers and officers.
What was their mission?
To secure the colony and defend it from the Iroquois.
Who did the governor general call and for what?
He called upon the militiamen to construct fortifications.
Where were these fortifications constructed?
Around Montreal and Quebec.
What did these cities quickly become?
Military strongholds as well as urban spaces. They became more safe after they were built.
What else did the governor general have constructed and why?
He constructed forts in strategic locations to prevent incoming attacks.
What did these forts become?
Trading posts
What were some outcomes of the Carignan - Salières?
After the arrival of the Carignan - Salières, three nations under the Iroquoian Confederacy finally proposed a peace agreement. The two remaining nations of the Mohawk and Oneida remained their enemies and were dangerous. The French military fought back by burning their crops and villages. A peace treaty was signed with the Mohawk and Oneida in 1667.
Who was appointed the first Intendant of New France and what did he promote?
Jean-Talon, he promoted demographic growth and encouraged the diversification of the colony.
What demographic problem happened in France?
The men outnumbered women.
What effect did this have?
This had a negative effect on births in the colony.
What did France do to fix this?
They sent a colony group of young women called the Filles du Roy.
What was the outcome of this?
From 1663 to 1673, approximately 770 Filles du Roy came to New France.
What does Filles de Roy refer to?
A group of French women who emigrated to New France from 1663-1673.
What are some characteristics of the Filles du Roy?
They were mostly of the working or poorer classes in France, they were between the ages of 16-25, they would need to have a letter of reference from the parish priest before chosen for emigration, some women were paid by the king in the form of a dowry to go to New France.
What is a dowry?
When a husband pays a father a sort of fee to marry his daughter, there is an exchange of money or goods.
Where did the Individual governors stay?
Montreal and Trois-Rivières.
Where did the Subdelegates of the Intendant remain?
The cities of Quebec, Montreal and Trois Rivières
What were the roles of a Militia Captains?
Recruit militiamen, assign tasks for required labour, convey the leaders’ orders to the people, were named by the governor general and intendant.
