6. Neuro High Yield Flashcards
Cervical kyphosis associated with
NF-1
Lateral thoracic meningocele associated with
NF-1
Bilateral optic nerve gliomas
NF-1
Bilateral vestibular schwannoma
NF-2
Retinal hamartoma
Tuberous Sclerosis
Retinal angioma
VHL
Brain tumour with restricted diffusion
Lymphoma
Brain tumour crossing the midline
GBM or lymphoma
Cyst and nodule in child
Pilocystic astrocytoma
Cyst and nodule in adult
Haemangioblastoma
Multiple haemangioblastoma
Von Hippel Lindau
Swiss cheese tumour in ventricle
Central neurocytoma
CN3 palsy
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
CN6 palsy
Increased ICP
Ventricles out of size to atrophy
NPH
Haemorrhagic putamen
Methanol
Decreased FDG uptake in lateral occipital cortex
Lewy Body Dementia
TORCH with periventricular calcification
CMV
TORCH with hydrocephalus
Toxoplasmosis
Torch with haemorrhagic infarction
HSV
Neonatal infection with frontal lobe atrophy
HIV
Rapidly progressing dementia & rapidly progressing atrophy
CJD
Expanding the cortex
Oligodendroglioma
Tumour acquired after trauma (LP)
Epidermoid
Palate separated from maxilla/floating palate
LeFort 1
Maxilla separated from the face or Pyramidal
LeFort 2
The Face separated from the cranium
LeFort 3
Airless expanded sinus
Mucocele
DVA
Cavernous malformation nearby
SIngle vascular lesion in the pons
Capillary telangectasia
Elevated NAA peak
Canvans
Tigroid appearance
Metachromic leukodystrophy
Endolymphatic sac tumour
VHL
T1 bright in petrous apex
Cholesterol granuloma
Restricted diffusion in petrous apex
Cholesteatoma
Lateral rectus palsy & otomastoiditis
Grandenigo Syndrome
Cochlea and semicircular canal enhancement
Labrinthitis
Conductive hearing loss in adult
otosclerosis
Noise induced vertigo
Semicircular canal dehiscence
Widening of maxillary ostium
Antrochronal polyp
Inverting papilloma
Squamous cell Ca (10%)
Adenoid cystic
Perineural spread
Left sided vocal cord paralysis
Look in AP window
Bilateral coloboma
CHARGE syndrome
Retinal detachment & small eye
PHPV
Bilateral small eye
Retinopathy of prematurity
Calcification in globe of child
Retinoblastoma
Fluid-fluid levels in the orbit
Lymphangioma
Orbital lesion, worse with valsalva
Varix
Pulsatile exophthalmos
NF-1
OR
CC fistula
Sphenoid wing dysplasia
NF-1
Simitar sacrum
Currarino triad
Bilateral symmetrically increased T2 in dorsal columns
B12 or HIV
Owl eye appearance of spinal cord
Spinal cord infarct
Enhancement of nerve roots of cauda equina
Guillain Barre
Subligamentious spread of infection
TB
Order of tumour prevalence in NF-2
Schwannoma > meningioma > ependymoma
Aetiology of Sturge Weber
Maldeveloped draining veins
All phakomatosis are ..(inheritance)
AD except Sturge Weber
Commonest primary brain tumour in adults
Astrocytoma
Calcifies 90% of the time
Oligodendroglioma
Restricted diffusion in ventricle
Choroid plexus Xanthogranuloma (normal variant)
Pituitary T1 bright
Pituitary apoplexy
Pituitary T2 bright
Rathke Cleft Cyst
Pituitary - Calcified
Craniopharyngioma
CP angle - Invades internal auditory canal
Schwannoma
CP angle - Invased both internal auditory canals
Schwannoma with NF2
CP angle - restricts on diffusion
Epidermoid
Kid, arising from vermis
Medulloblastoma
Kid, 4th ventricle, tooth paste out of 4th ventricle
Ependymoma
Adult myelination pattern on MRI
T1 at 1 year
T2 at 2 years
Which structures are myelinated at birth
Brainstem and posterior limb of internal capsule
CN not in cavernous sinus
CN2 and CNV3
Persistent trigeminal artery (vertebral to carotid)…
Increases risk of aneurysm
Subfalcine herniation can lead to
ACA infarct
ADEM lesions distribution
Will not involve calloso-septal interface
Marchiafava-Bignami progression
Body > Genu > splenium
Timescale for post radiation changes
2 month lag
First sign of alzheimer’s
Hippocampal atrophy
Most common TORCH
CMV
Toxoplasmosis abscess on MRI
does NOT diffusion restrict
Small cortical tumours can…
Be occult without IV contrast
JPA and ganglioma
Can enhance and are low grade
Commonest skull vault #
Nasal bone #
Commonest fracture pattern
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture (tripod), involves zygoma, inferior orbit and lateral orbit
Can mimic SAH on FLAIR
Supplemental O2
Commonest location for hypertensive haemorrhage
Putamen
Restricted diffusion without birght FLAIR signal
Hyperacute stroke (<6h)
Enhancement pattern of stroke
Starts at day 3, peaks at 3 weeks, gone at 3 months
Commonest systemic vasculitis to involve CNS
PAN
Commonest type of craniosynostosis
Scaphocephaly
Piriform aperture stenosis associated with
Hypothalamic pituitary axis issues
Commonest primary petrous apex lesion
Cholesterol granuloma
Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
Absence of bony modiolus in 90%
Octreotide scan will be positive for
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Main vascular supply to posterior nose
Sphenopalatine artery (terminal internal maxillary artery)
warthins tumours take up…
pertechnate
Sjorgrens associated with (Ca)
Salivary gland lymphoma
Commonest intra-occular lesion in adult
Melanoma
Enhancement of nerve roots after spine surgery
Up to 6 weeks is normal, after that it’s arachnoiditis
Most important factor for outcome in traumatic cord injury
Haemorrhage in the cord
Currarino triad
Anterior sacral meningocele, Anorectal malformation, Sacrococcygeal osseous defect
Commonest spinal AVF
Type 1 spinal AVF (dural AVF)
Herpes distribution
Spares basal ganlgia (MCA infarcts do not)
