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RT 207 > 6. Medical Asepsis > Flashcards

6. Medical Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

deals with reducing the probability of
infectious organisms being
transmitted to a susceptible individual

A

Medical asepsis

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2
Q 
Proper cleaning, dusting,
linen handling, and hand
hygiene techniques, can
reduce the transmission of
microorganism
A

Simple Cleanliness Measures

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3
Q

Involves the destruction of
pathogens by using
chemical materials

A

Disinfection

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4
Q

Involves treating items with
heat, gas, or chemicals to make
them germ-free

A

Surgical Asepsis / Sterilization

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5
Q

The sterile items are then stored
in a manner that prevents
contamination

A

Surgical Asepsis / Sterilization

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6
Q

Medical Asepsis types

A
  1. Simple Cleanliness Measures
  2. Disinfection
  3. Surgical Asepsis / Sterilization
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7
Q

How can you fight the spread of infection?:

A
  1. Stay home when you are ill if possible. If you must work, avoid contact
    with immunocompromised patients.
  2. Use a tissue to cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough.
  3. Wear a clean uniform or hospital scrubs daily, and remove them before
    leaving the hospital or clinic. The best option is to wear hospital scrubs so
    that they can be laundered by the hospital.
  4. Perform hand hygiene frequently.
  5. Use established precautions when handling patients, linens, or items
    contaminated with body substances.
  6. Change or remove contaminated gloves after handling a patient or before
    touching other objects or equipment in the room.
  7. Practice good housekeeping techniques in your work area.
  8. When in doubt about the cleanliness of any object, do not use it.
  9. Dispose immediately of linens, instruments, or other items that touch the floor.
  10. The floor is always considered contaminated.
  11. Ask patients who are coughing or sneezing to cover mouth and nose with tissue.
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8
Q

is an easy and effective
method to control the
transmission of
infection

A

Medically aseptic

handwashing (Hand Hygiene)

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9
Q

reduces the incidence of
airborne infections and the transfer
of pathogens by fomites

A

Good housekeeping in the

workplace

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10
Q

A clean, dry environment

discourages the growth of all microorganism

A

Housekeeping

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11
Q

Several general principles apply whenever cleaning is required:

A

• Always clean from the least contaminated area toward the more
contaminated area and from the top down.
• Avoid raising dust.
• Do not contaminate yourself or clean areas.
• Clean all equipment that comes in contact with patients after each use. Use
a cloth moistened with disinfectant. The CDC recommends sodium
hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) as an inexpensive, effective disinfectant for
preventing the spread of HIV.
• Mix bleach in a 1:10 solution daily, because its effectiveness declines rapidly
when diluted.

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12
Q

Handling Linens

A

• Objects or linens soiled with body secretions or excretions are considered
contaminated and may serve as fomites even when no stains are apparent.
• To prevent airborne contamination, fold the
edges of linens to the middle without
shaking or flapping, and immediately place
loosely balled linens in the hamper.
• Never use any linen for more than one
patient.

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13
Q

Disposal of Contaminated Waste

A

• Disposable items are designed to be used only once and then
discarded.
• The only exception to this rule involves the immediate reuse of an unsterile item (for example, emesis basin) by the same
patient.
• Some separate glass, plastic, and paper into covered containers,
while others place everything together.

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14
Q

Disposal of Contaminated Waste

A

• objects contaminated with blood or body fluids be discarded in a suitable container and marked with the biohazard symbol
• used needles and syringes are placed in special containers designed to
receive the syringe without recapping it
• contaminated bandages and dressings are handled with gloves and placed directly into red plastic

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15
Q

Isolation Technique

-Transmission-based Precautions

A
  1. Airborne Precautions
  2. Droplet Precautions
  3. Contact Precautions
  4. Combination Airborne and Contact Precautions
  5. Surgical Asepsis
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16
Q 
designed to reduce the risk of transmitting dust particles containing the infectious organism or airborne
droplet nuclei (5 µm or smaller) to a susceptible person
A

Airborne Precautions

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17
Q

used to prevent diseases such as tuberculosis and measles (rubeola)

A

Airborne Precautions

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18
Q

designed to reduce the contact of large particle droplets (greater than 5
microns) with the conjunctivae or with
mucous membranes of the nose and
mouth of a susceptible person

A

Droplet Precautions

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19
Q

are used to prevent

the transmission of diseases such as diphtheria, pneumonia, and influenza

A

Droplet Precautions

20
Q

designed to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens by direct skin-to-skin contact or indirect contact with
a contaminated object

A

Contact Precautions

21
Q

used to prevent transmission of diseases such as multidrug-resistant
wound infections caused by MRSA and VRE, the new strain of E. coli

A

Contact Precautions

22
Q

designed to reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens by both airborne droplet nuclei and direct
skin-to-skin contact

A

Combination Airborne and Contact Precautions

23
Q

used to prevent transmission of the virus that causes SARS and the
varicella virus that causes chicken pox and disseminated herpes
zoster

A

Combination Airborne and Contact Precautions

24
Q

The complete destruction of all organisms and spores from equipment used to perform patient care or
procedures

A

Surgical Asepsis

25
Q

The sterile linens, gloves, and

instruments used in surgery

A

Surgical Asepsis

26
Q

Equipment for lumbar punctures,
catheterizations, and injections, as well
as the care of some
immunocompromised patients

A

Surgical Asepsis

27
Q

Treating items with heat, gas, or chemicals to make them germ-free`

A

Sterilization

28
Q

Sterilization types

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Dry heat
  3. Conventional Gas Sterilization
  4. Gas plasma technology
  5. Autoclaving (steam)
29
Q

involves the immersion and soaking of
clean objects in a bath of germicidal
solution followed by a sterile water rinse

A

Chemical Sterilization

30
Q

the effectiveness of this process depends
on solution strength and temperature and
the immersion time

A

Chemical Sterilization

31
Q

one of the less satisfactory methods for

providing surgical asepsis

A

Chemical Sterilization

32
Q

required to sterilize some sharp
instruments, certain powders,
and greasy substances

A

Dry heat

33
Q 
type of sterilization varies from 1 to 6 hours at a temperature
range of (165"-170°C)
A

Dry heat

34
Q

items that would be damaged by high
temperatures are usually sterilized with a
mixture of gases (freon and ethylene
oxide) heated to 57°c

A

Conventional Gas Sterilization

35
Q

used primarily for electrical, plastic, and

rubber items, and for optical ware

A

Conventional Gas Sterilization

36
Q

telephones, stethoscopes, blood pressure
cuffs, and other equipment used in
isolation rooms may be sterilized in this
manner

A

Conventional Gas Sterilization

37
Q

Items are cleaned, wrapped, and placed in a compact mobile unit where low-temperature hydrogen
peroxide gas plasma diffuses
through the wrapped instruments and effectively kills both microorganisms and spores

A

Gas plasma technology

38
Q

a device that provides steam sterilization under pressure, the most commonly used sterilization method

A

Autoclaving (steam)

39
Q

quickest and most convenient means of
sterilization for items that can withstand
heat and moisture

A

Autoclaving (steam)

40
Q

high temperatures (121°-135°C) can be
achieved under pressure, making this
an extremely effective method

A

Autoclaving (steam)

41
Q

Most forms of hospital
sterilization use _____ to identify that a
pack has been sterilized

A

chemical indicators

42
Q

Indicators change color when the required conditions have been met

A

Sterility indicators

43
Q

is a microorganism-free area prepared

for the use of sterile supplies and equipment

A

Sterile Fields

44
Q

The first step in preparing a sterile field is to confirm

the _____ packaged supplies and equipment

A

sterility

45
Q

Packages are considered sterile if they meet the

following criteria:

A
  1. They are clean, dry, and unopened.
  2. Their expiration date has not been exceeded.
  3. Their sterility indicators have changed to a predetermined
    color, confirming sterilization.
46
Q

Standard Principles of Surgical Asepsis

A
  1. Any sterile object or field touched by an unsterile object or person becomes contaminated
  2. Never reach across a sterile field. Organisms may fall from your arm into the field. Reaching also increases the chance of brushing the area with your uniform.
  3. If you suspect an item is contaminated, discard it. This transfer of bacteria from the outside to the inside of a wrapped set) and items that have the seal broken or on which the indicator tape has not assumed the correct color.
  4. Do not pass between the physician and the sterile field.
  5. Never leave a sterile area unattended.. If the field is accidentally contaminated (for example, by a fly or a patient reaching for her glasses), no one would know
  6. A 1-inch border at the perimeter of the sterile field is considered to be a “buffer zone” and is treated as if it were contaminated.
47
Q

Methods of maintaining medical asepsis

A
  • Handwashing
  • Cleaning and proper waste disposal
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Aseptic versus sterile techniques

RT 207 (9 decks)

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