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Pharm U2 > 6) Malaria > Flashcards

6) Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the class for Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Quinolone derivitive

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2
Q

What is the mechanism for Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

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3
Q

What are the therapeutics for Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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4
Q

What are the important side effects for Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrhythmias

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5
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Quinine (Qualaquin)

A

Also called quinidine (used in anti-arrhythmias)

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6
Q

What is the class for Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Quinolone derivitive

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7
Q

What is the mechanism for Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

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8
Q

What are the therapeutics for Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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9
Q

What are the important side effects for Chloroquine (Aralen)

A

Itching (Africans), retinitis (rare)

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10
Q

What is the class for Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

Quinolone derivitive

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11
Q

What is the mechanism for Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

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12
Q

What are the therapeutics for Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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13
Q

What is the class for Mefloquine (Lariam)

A

Quinolone derivitive

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14
Q

What is the mechanism for Mefloquine (Lariam)

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

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15
Q

What are the therapeutics for Mefloquine (Lariam)

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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16
Q

What is the class for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Quinolone derivitive

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17
Q

What is the mechanism for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes

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18
Q

What are the therapeutics for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

19
Q

What are the important side effects for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia

20
Q

What are the other side effects for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Fever, nausea, vomiting

21
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Primaquine (Primaryl)

A

Only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony

22
Q

What is the mechanism for Amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

Positive charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; point mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity

23
Q

What is the class for Artesunate

A

Artemisinin compound

24
Q

What is the mechanism for Artesunate

A

Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum

25
Q

What are the important side effects for Artesunate

A

Neurotoxicity, prolongation of QT interval

26
Q

What is the class for Artemether

A

Artemisinin compound

27
Q

What is the mechanism for Artemether

A

Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum

28
Q

What is the class for Lumefantrine

A

Aminoalcohol

29
Q

What are the therapeutics for Lumefantrine

A

Used in combination w/artemether (called Coartem)

30
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Lumefantrine

A

Also called benflumentol

31
Q

What is the class for Atovaquone (Mepron)

A

Napthalene

32
Q

What is the mechanism for Atovaquone (Mepron)

A

Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport

33
Q

What are the therapeutics for Atovaquone (Mepron)

A

Used in combination w/proguanil

34
Q

What is the class for Chloroguanide (Malarone)

A

Antifolates

35
Q

What is the mechanism for Chloroguanide (Malarone)

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (human and parasite pathway)

36
Q

What are the therapeutics for Chloroguanide (Malarone)

37
Q

What are the other side effects for Chloroguanide (Malarone)

A

Also called proguanil

38
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Chloroguanide (Malarone)

A

Antibiotic

39
Q

What is the mechanism for Tetracycline (Tetracyn)

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

40
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Tetracycline (Tetracyn)

A

Antibiotic

41
Q

What is the mechanism for Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

42
Q

What are the miscellaneous for Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

Antibiotic

43
Q

What is the mechanism for Doxycycline (Adoxa)

A

Severe malaria & chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

44
Q

What are the therapeutics for Doxycycline (Adoxa)

A

Photosensitivity

Pharm U2 (11 decks)

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