1) Cholinomimetics Flashcards by Aqeel Nabijohn

What is the class for Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Direct acting carbamic acid ester

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What is the mechanism for Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

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What are the therapeutics for Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Post-operative and neurogenic ileus; urinary retention (bowel and bladder smooth muscle ACh-innervated)

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What are the important side effects for Bethanechol (Urecholine)

SLUDGE

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What is the class for Muscarine

Direct acting non-ester alkaloid

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What is the mechanism for Muscarine

Direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

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What are the important side effects for Muscarine

SLUDGE

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What is the class for Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Direct acting non-ester alkaloid

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What is the mechanism for Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

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What are the therapeutics for Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Glaucoma (ACh activates sphincter and ciliary muscles of eye)

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What are the important side effects for Pilocarpine (Salagen)

SLUDGE

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What is the class for Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Direct acting non-ester alkaloid

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What is the mechanism for Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Direct-acting muscarinic cholinomimetic

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What are the therapeutics for Cevimeline (Evoxac)

Dry mouth (in, e.g., Sjogren’s, post-radiation therapy; via increased salivation)

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What are the important side effects for Cevimeline (Evoxac)

SLUDGE

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What is the class for Nicotine (NRT)

Direct acting non-ester alkaloid

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What is the mechanism for Nicotine (NRT)

Direct-acting nicotinic cholinomimetic

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What are the therapeutics for Nicotine (NRT)

Smoking cessation (reduces cravings)

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What is the class for Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Indirect acting carbamate

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What is the mechanism for Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

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What are the therapeutics for Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Post-operative and neurogenic ileus; urinary retention; myasthenia gravis; reversal of neuromuscular blockade

What are the important side effects for Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What are the miscellaneous for Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Lasts 0.5-2 hours

What is the class for Physostigmine (Eserine)

Indirect acting carbamate

What is the mechanism for Physostigmine (Eserine)

AChE inhibitor (short acting)

What are the therapeutics for Physostigmine (Eserine)

Glaucoma (ACh activates papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles of eye)

What are the important side effects for Physostigmine (Eserine)

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What are the miscellaneous for Physostigmine (Eserine)

Lasts 0.5-2 hours

What is the class for Donepezil (Aricept)

Indirect acting non-ester

What is the mechanism for Donepezil (Aricept)

AChE inhibitor

What are the therapeutics for Donepezil (Aricept)

Alzheimer's (amplifies endogenous ACh in brain)

What are the important side effects for Donepezil (Aricept)

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What is the class for Edrophonium (Enlon)

Indirect acting non-ester

What is the mechanism for Edrophonium (Enlon)

AChE inhibitor (v. short acting)

What are the therapeutics for Edrophonium (Enlon)

Myasthenia gravis (differentiating deficiency versus ACh crisis); ileus

What are the important side effects for Edrophonium (Enlon)

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What are the miscellaneous for Edrophonium (Enlon)

Lasts 5-15 minutes

What is the class for Echothiophate (Phospholine)

Indirect acting organophosphate

What is the mechanism for Echothiophate (Phospholine)

AChE inhibitor (long acting)

What are the therapeutics for Echothiophate (Phospholine)

Glaucoma (ACh activates papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles of eye)

What are the important side effects for Echothiophate (Phospholine)

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What are the miscellaneous for Echothiophate (Phospholine)

Lasts >100 hours

What is the class for Pralidoxime (Protopam)

Strong nucleophile

What is the mechanism for Pralidoxime (Protopam)

Regenerates phosphorylated AChE

What are the therapeutics for Pralidoxime (Protopam)

Poisoning by nerve gas, insecticide

What is the class for Sarin

Very potent indirect acting organophosphate

What is the mechanism for Sarin

AChE inhibitor

What are the therapeutics for Sarin

Volatile nerve gas

What are the important side effects for Sarin

SLUDGE + general increase in cholinergic neurotransmission; paralysis

What are the other side effects for Sarin

Death

What are the miscellaneous for Sarin

Treat with pralidoxime and atropine before aging