[6] LESSON 11: CSF ANALYSIS

Question 1

 3rd major fluid in the body

Answer 1

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Question 2

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FUNCTIONS

Answer 2

 Serves as a mechanical barrier against trauma
 Provides supply of nutrients to CNS tissue
 Removes metabolic wastes

Question 3

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FORMATION

produced via active transport secretion and filtration by the [?] of each of the four ventricles of the brain  flows through the [?]  reabsorbed by the [?] into the [?]

Answer 3

choroid plexuses
subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi
superior sagittal sinus

Question 4

rate of production:

Answer 4

0.3 to 0.4 ml/ min ~ 20 ml/hr

Question 5

rate of production =

Answer 5

rate of absorption

Question 6

Volume
 Adults:

Answer 6

140 to 170 ml or 90 to 150 ml

Question 7

Volume
 Neonates:

Answer 7

10 to 60 ml

Question 8

: routine method for CSF collection

Answer 8

 Lumbar Puncture

Question 9

: collected from the sub-occipital region (cisterna magna)

Answer 9

 Cisternal Puncture

Question 10

: used in infants with open fontanels

Answer 10

 Ventricular

Question 11

 Between 3rd and 4th or 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae

Answer 11

Lumbar Puncture

Question 12

 Patient should be is a fetal position

Answer 12

Lumbar Puncture

Question 13

Chemical and serological tests

Answer 13

CSF TUBE 1

Question 14

Frozen at -15 to -30oC

Answer 14

CSF TUBE 1

Question 15

Microbiological tests

Answer 15

CSF TUBE 2

Question 16

Room Temp at 19 to 26 oC

Answer 16

CSF TUBE 2

Question 17

Cell count

Answer 17

CSF TUBE 3

Question 18

Refrigerated at 2 to 8 oC

Answer 18

CSF TUBE 3

Question 19

Microbiology chemistry/serology

Answer 19

CSF TUBE 4

Question 20

Microbiology  hematology  chemistry/serology

Answer 20

Low Volume CSF

Question 21

Mix together

Answer 21

Excess CSF

Question 22

Normal

Answer 22

Crystal clear

Question 23

Meningitis

Answer 23

WBCs, Microorganisms

Question 24

Disorders affecting the BBB

Answer 24

Protein

Question 25

Radiographic contrast media

Answer 25

Oily

Question 26

Hemorrhage

Answer 26

RBCs

Question 27

Old hemorrhage

Answer 27

Hemoglobin

Question 28

Production of IgG within the CNS

Answer 28

Protein

Question 29

Traumatic tap

Answer 29

RBCs

Question 30

Lysed cells from traumatic tap

Answer 30

Hemoglobin Bilirubin

Question 31

RBC degradation

Answer 31

Bilirubin

Question 32

Increased serum levels

Answer 32

Carotene

Question 33

Meningeal melanosarcoma

Answer 33

Melanin

Question 34

Introduced by traumatic tap

Answer 34

Clotting factors

Question 35

Tubercular meningitis

Answer 35

Clotting factors

Question 36

Hazy, turbid, milky, cloudy

Answer 36

WBCs Microorganisms Protein

Question 37

Oily

Answer 37

Radiographic contrast media

Question 38

Bloody

Answer 38

RBCs

Question 39

Xanthochromic

Answer 39

Hemoglobin Bilirubin Carotene Protein Melanin

Question 40

Clotted

Answer 40

Protein Clotting factors

Question 41

Pellicle

Answer 41

Protein Clotting factors

Question 42

Blood distribution: Even in all tubes

Answer 42

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 43

Blood distribution: Decreasing RBC concentration from the 1st to the last

Answer 43

TRAUMATIC TAP

Question 44

Clot formation: Absent

Answer 44

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 45

Clot formation: Present

Answer 45

TRAUMATIC TAP

Question 46

Xanthochromic supernatant: Common

Answer 46

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 47

Xanthochromic supernatant: Not common

Answer 47

TRAUMATIC TAP

Question 48

Microscopic: Presence of erythrophages and siderophages

Answer 48

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 49

Microscopic: -

Answer 49

TRAUMATIC TAP

Question 50

D-dimer Test: Positive

Answer 50

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

Question 51

D-dimer Test: Negative

Answer 51

TRAUMATIC TAP

Question 52

Clot formation + blood 

Answer 52

traumatic tap

Question 53

Clot formation but no blood 

Answer 53

meningitis, Froin’s syndrome

Question 54

Web-like/pine tree clot, no blood 

Answer 54

tubercular meningitis

Question 55

Pellicle formation 

Answer 55

suppurative meningitis

Question 56

—most frequently performed chemical test on CSF

Answer 56

Protein

Question 57

Protein Normal values: 6 months to adults

Answer 57

15 to 45 mg/dl

Question 58

Protein Normal values: Newborn

Answer 58

75 to 150 mg/dl

Question 59

Protein Normal values: > 60 y/o

Answer 59

>60 mg/dl

Question 60

Normal Protein Fractions:

Answer 60

albumin (major), prealbumin (2nd), alpha-globulins (haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin), transferrin, tau protein, IgG and IgA

Question 61

(major)

Answer 61

albumin

Question 62

prealbumin (2nd)

Question 63

alpha-globulins

Answer 63

(haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin)