[1] LESSON 6: URINALYSIS—MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF URINE

Question 1

May indicate the presence of certain sediments

Answer 1

Color

Question 2

Pathologic or non-pathologic causes of turbidity

Answer 2

Clarity

Question 3

Blood

Answer 3

RBCs, RBC Cast

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Casts, cells

Question 5

Nitrite

Answer 5

Bacteria, WBCs

Question 6

LE

Answer 6

WBCs, WBC Casts, bacteria

Question 7

Visualization of elements with low refractive indices

Answer 7

Phase-Contrast Microscopy

Question 8

Phase-Contrast Microscopy elements

Answer 8

hyaline, mixed cellular cast, MT, Trichomonas

Question 9

Interference-Contrast Microscopy Types

Answer 9

A. Nomarski (Differential)
B. Hoffmann (Modulation)

Question 10

Bright-Field microscopes can be adapted

Answer 10

Interference-Contrast Microscopy

Question 11

3-D microscopy image and layer-by-layer imaging of a specimen

Answer 11

Interference-Contrast Microscopy

Question 12

SternheimerMalbin components

Answer 12

(CV + Safranin O)

Question 13

Enhances nuclear detail

Answer 13

0.5% Toluidine Blue

Question 14

% Acetic acid

Answer 14

2%

Question 15

Hansel Stain components

Answer 15

Eosin Y + Methylene blue

Question 16

Stains TAG and neutral fats (orangered)

Answer 16

Lipid stains

Question 17

Lipid stains components

Answer 17

ORO and Sudan III

Question 18

Urinary eosinophils

Answer 18

Hansel Stain

Question 19

Crystals (normal) Moderate

Answer 19

5-20

Question 20

Bacteria

Answer 20

Rare

Question 21

Bacteria few

Answer 21

10-50

Question 22

Casts Quantitated

Answer 22

Per LPF

Question 23

RBCs

Answer 23

Per HPF

Question 24

WBCs Quantitated

Answer 24

Per HPF

Question 25

SEC Frequency

Answer 25

Rare, Few, Moderate, Many

Question 26

TEC, yeasts Frequency

Answer 26

Rare, Few, Moderate, Many

Question 27

RTE cells Frequency

Answer 27

Average

Question 28

Abnormal crystals and casts Frequency

Answer 28

Average

Question 29

Red blood cells Normal value range: _________/HPF

Question 30

Red blood cells Hypertonic urine = __________________________

Answer 30

CRENATED

Question 31

Red blood cells Hypotonic urine = __________________________

Question 32

Glomerular bleeding/damage= __________________________

Answer 32

RBC CASTS

Question 33

White blood cells Normal value range: _______

Answer 33

0-5 /HPF

Question 34

granules undergo Brownian Movement

Answer 34

GLITTER CELLS

Question 35

Neutrophils *clinically insignificant

Answer 35

Glitter Cells

Question 36

Eosinophils o Normal value range: __________

Answer 36

<1% Toluidine Blue

Question 37

White blood cells Stain

Answer 37

Sternheimer-Malbin Stain

Question 38

Glitter cells stain color

Answer 38

(Pale blue)

Question 39

Leukocytes stain color

Answer 39

(Pale pink)

Question 40

Eosinophils Clinically significant: __________ (associated with drug-induced interstitial nephritis)

Question 41

Mononuclear cells (___________________)

Answer 41

LYMPHO, MONO, MACS, HISTIOCYTES

Question 42

Largest cell

Answer 42

Squamous epithelial cell

Question 43

Squamous epithelial cell size

Answer 43

30-40 um

Question 44

_______________: SEC studded with Gardnerella vaginalis; associated with bacterial vaginosis

Answer 44

CLUE CELLS

Question 45

Transitional epithelial cell (____________)

Answer 45

UROTHELIAL

Question 46

Spherical, polyhedral or caudate with centrally located nucleus

Answer 46

Transitional epithelial cell

Question 47

o Most clinically significant epithelial cell

Answer 47

Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell

Question 48

Oblong or round to oval or rectangular and contain an eccentric nucleu

Answer 48

Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell

Question 49

Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell >2 RTE/HPF indicates ___________________

Answer 49

TUBULAR DAMAGE

Question 50

Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell Variations i. _______________ ii. _______________

Answer 50

OVAL FAT BODIES BUBBLE CELLS

Question 51

Seen in lipiduria (i.e. nephrotic syndrome)

Answer 51

OVAL FAT BODIES (Lipid-containing RTE cell)

Question 52

Lipid-containing RTE cell Identification

Answer 52

 Lipid Stains  Polarizing Microscope

Question 53

 Lipid Stains

Answer 53

TAG and Neutral fats

Question 54

 Polarizing Microscope (MALTESE-CROSS)

Answer 54

OVAL FAT BODIES

Question 55

o UTI: ___________________ MOST FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED

Answer 55

Bacteria

Question 56

Most common cause of UTI: _________________________

Answer 56

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (GRAM NEG)

Question 57

Most frequent parasite encountered in urine urine

Answer 57

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 58

Pear-shaped flagellate (RAPID DARTING motility)

Answer 58

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 59

Trichomonas vaginalis Method of reporting: ___________

Answer 59

RARE, FEW, MODERATE, MANY PER HPF

Question 60

associated with bladder cancer

Answer 60

Schistosoma haematobium ova

Question 61

Specimen: 24hr unpreserved urine

Answer 61

Schistosoma haematobium ova

Question 62

 Most common fecal contaminant

Answer 62

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 63

True yeast infection: ____________________

Answer 63

WITH WBC

Question 64

= seen in DM patients and IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

Answer 64

Candida albicans

Question 65

Mucus thread o Major constituent: ________________

Answer 65

TAMM- HORSEFALL PROTEIN (UROMODULIN)

Question 66

Factors that favors cast formation Low pH: ______________________

Answer 66

1. Urine stasis 2. High salt concentration 3. Low pH

Question 67

CASTS (CYLINDRURIA) Major constituent: _______________ produced by _______

Answer 67

UROMODULIN RTE CELLS

Question 68

Beginning of all casts

Answer 68

Hyaline cast

Question 69

Hyaline cast Normal Value: ___________

Answer 69

0-2 PER LPF

Question 70

Physiologic: Emotional stress, exercise, dehydration, heat exposure Pathologic: Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, CHF

Answer 70

Hyaline cast

Question 71

Nephron bleeding

Answer 71

RBC cast

Question 72

Glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs # PER LPF

Answer 72

RBC cast

Question 73

Inflammation within the nephron

Answer 73

WBC cast

Question 74

Granules are derived from the lysosomes of RTE cells during normal metabolism

Answer 74

Granular casts

Question 75

Granular casts Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis, Stress, _______________

Question 76

Final degenerative form of all types of casts

Answer 76

Waxy cast

Question 77

Chronic renal failure

Answer 77

Waxy cast

Question 78

Broad cast Aka ____________________

Question 79

Factors affecting precipitation _________________ _________________ _________________

Question 80

URINARY CRYSTALS usually reported as ________/____

Answer 80

RARE, FEW, MODERATE, MANY PER LPF

Question 81

URINARY CRYSTALS abnormal crystals may be averaged ___

Answer 81

AVERAGE or HIGH

Question 82

Brick dust / yellowbrown granules

Answer 82

Amorphous urates

Question 83

frequently encountered as pink sediment (uroerythrin)

Answer 83

Amorphous urates

Question 84

Heat and Alkali fluid

Answer 84

Amorphous urates

Question 85

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 85

CaOx

Question 86

mistaken as RBC; suggests possibility of a calculus

Answer 86

CaOx

Question 87

“cigarettebutt”

Answer 87

Calcium sulfate

Question 88

Heat with HAc

Answer 88

Ammonium biurate

Question 89

“magnesium phosphate crystals”

Answer 89

Calcium phosphate/apatite

Question 90

“Magnesium ammonium phosphate” “coffin lid” “fern leaf”

Answer 90

Triple phosphate

Question 91

Gas from HAc

Answer 91

Calcium carbonate

Question 92

Mistaken as Uric acid crystals

Answer 92

Cystine

Question 93

Cystinuria Cystinosis

Answer 93

Cystine

Question 94

birefringence

Answer 94

Cystine

Question 95

Rectangular plates w/ notched edges

Answer 95

Cholesterol crystal

Question 96

(staircase pattern)

Answer 96

Cholesterol crystal

Question 97

Nephrotic syndrome (lipiduria)

Answer 97

Cholesterol crystal

Question 98

seen in conjuction with fatty casts and OFB

Answer 98

Cholesterol crystal

Question 99

*heavy proteinuria

Answer 99

Cholesterol crystal

Question 100

Chloroform

Answer 100

Cholesterol crystal

Question 101

“sheaves of wheat”

Answer 101

Sulfonamide

Question 102

“petals”

Answer 102

Sulfonamide

Question 103

Mistaken as calcium phosphates

Answer 103

Sulfonamide

Question 104

Soluble in HAc while positive with Lignin and Diazo rxn

Answer 104

Sulfonamide

Question 105

Lignin Test (Old Newspaper test) = urine + 25% HCl=

Answer 105

yellow color (+)

Question 106

Colorless needles that form bundles after refrigeration

Answer 106

Ampicillin

Question 107

precipitates with tyrosine after the addition of alcohol

Answer 107

Leucine

Question 108

Liver disorder

Answer 108

Leucine

Question 109

Colorless to yellow needles in clumps or rosette

Answer 109

Tyrosine

Question 110

Liver disease (more common that leucine)

Answer 110

Tyrosine

Question 111

Clumped needles or granules with HAc, HCl, bright yellow color (+ in bilirubin rgt strip)

Answer 111

Bilirubin

Question 112

Liver disease (most common)

Answer 112

Bilirubin

Question 113

NaOH, ether, chloroform

Answer 113

Bilirubin

Question 114

[?] mL of urine

Answer 114

10 to 15

Question 115

Centrifuge at [?]

Answer 115

400 RCF for 5 mins

Question 116

Decant urine ((?) remains)

Answer 116

0.5-1 mL

Question 117

Transfer [?] to glass slide with 22 x 22 mm coverslip

Answer 117

20 uL

Question 118

Examine (?)

Answer 118

10 LPF and 10 HPF

Question 119

Quantitative measure of formed elements using a hemocytometer

Answer 119

Addis Count

Question 120

Addis Count  Specimen

Answer 120

12 hour urine

Question 121

Addis Count  Preservative

Answer 121

Sodium Flouride

Question 122

Normal Values RBCs WBCs & ECs Hyaline Casts

Answer 122

0 - 500,000 0 - 1,800,00 0 - 5,000

Question 123

Used for routine urinalysis

Answer 123

Bright-Field Microscopy

Question 124

Identification of cholesterol molecules in OFB, fatty casts and crystals

Answer 124

Polarizing Microscopy

Question 125

Identification of Treponema spp

Answer 125

Dark-Field Microscopy

Question 126

For fluorescent microorganisms or those stained with a fluorescent dye

Answer 126

Fluorescence Microscopy

Question 127

Delineates structure and contrasting colors of the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 127

SternheimerMalbin (CV + Safranin O)

Question 128

Enhances nuclear detail

Answer 128

0.5% Toluidine Blue

Question 129

Lyses RBCs and enhances nucleus of WBCs

Answer 129

2% Acetic acid

Question 130

Differentiates Gram (-) to Gram (+) bacteria

Answer 130

GS

Question 131

Stains eosinophilic granules

Answer 131

Hansel Stain

Question 132

Lipid stains components

Answer 132

ORO and Sudan III

Question 133

Distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeasts, oil droplets and crystals

Answer 133

2% Acetic acid

Question 134

WBCs, ECs, and casts

Answer 134

SternheimerMalbin

Question 135

Differentiates WBCs and RTE cells

Answer 135

0.5% Toluidine Blue

Question 136

Identifies free fat droplets and lipidcontaining cells & casts

Answer 136

Lipid stains

Question 137

Bacterial casts

Answer 137

GS

Question 138

Identifies hemosiderin granules in casts and cells

Answer 138

Prussian Blue

Question 139

Quantitated per LPF

Answer 139

Epithelial Cell Mucus Thread SEC Per LPF

Question 140

Quantitated Per HPF

Answer 140

RBCs WBCs Crystals (normal) Bacteria TEC, yeasts OFB Abnormal crystals and casts

Question 141

Quantitated Per 10 HPF

Answer 141

RTE cells

Question 142

None: 0

Question 143

Rare: 0-5

Answer 143

Epithelial Cell

Question 144

Rare: 0-2

Answer 144

Crystals (normal)

Question 145

Rare: 0-10

Answer 145

Bacteria

Question 146

Rare: 0-1

Answer 146

Mucus Thread

Question 147

Few: 5-20

Answer 147

Epithelial Cell

Question 148

Few: 2-5

Answer 148

Crystals (normal)

Question 149

Few: 10-50

Answer 149

Bacteria

Question 150

Few: 1-3

Answer 150

Mucus Thread

Question 151

Moderate: 20-100

Answer 151

Epithelial Cell

Question 152

Moderate: 5-20

Answer 152

Crystals (normal)

Question 153

Moderate: 50-200

Answer 153

Bacteria

Question 154

Moderate: 3-10

Answer 154

Mucus Thread

Question 155

Many: >100

Answer 155

Epithelial Cell

Question 156

Many: >20

Answer 156

Crystals (normal)

Question 157

Many: >200

Answer 157

Bacteria

Question 158

Many: >10

Answer 158

Mucus Thread

Question 159

Numerical ranges: 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, >10

Answer 159

Casts

Question 160

Numerical ranges: 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-25, 25-50, 50-100, >100

Answer 160

RBCs WBCs

Question 161

Average

Answer 161

OFB

Question 162

*quantitate an average of [?].

Answer 162

10 representative fields

Question 163

Do not quantitate [?], but note their presence.

Answer 163

budding yeast, mycelia, elements, Trichomonas, or sperm

Question 164

Urinary Sediment Constituents : A. CELLS

Answer 164

1. Red blood cells (Hematuria) 2. White blood cells (Pyuria) 3. Epithelial Cells 4. Bacteria 5. Parasites 6. Yeasts 7. Spermatozoa 8. Mucus thread

Question 165

Urinary Sediment Constituents : CASTS

Answer 165

Hyaline cast RBC cast WBC cast RTE cell cast Bacterial cast Granular casts Fatty cast Waxy cast Broad cast Pigmented cast Mixed cellular cast Crystal cast

Question 166

Urinary Sediment Constituents : CRYSTALS - ACID

Answer 166

Amorphous urates CaOx Calcium sulfate Hippuric acid Acid urate Sodium urate

Question 167

Urinary Sediment Constituents : NORMAL CRYSTALS - Alkaline

Answer 167

Amorphous phosphate Ammonium biurate Calcium phosphate/apatite Dicalcium phosphate Triple phosphate Calcium carbonate

Question 168

Urinary Sediment Constituents : ABNORMAL CRYSTALS - Acid

Answer 168

Cystine Cholesterol crystal Sulfonamide Ampicillin Leucine Tyrosine Bilirubin

Question 169

Urinary Sediment Constituents : ABNORMAL CRYSTALS - Acid/Neutral

Answer 169

Sulfonamide Ampicillin Leucine Tyrosine

Question 170

Smooth, non-nucleated, biconcave disks-shaped sediment (7um in diameter)

Answer 170

Red blood cells

Question 171

Sources of error: Yeast, oil droplets, air bubbles, CaOx monohydrate

Answer 171

Red blood cells

Question 172

Remedy: Addition of 2% HAc to lyse RBCs

Answer 172

Red blood cells

Question 173

Clinical Significance: Glomerular membrane damage, vascular injury within GUT, glomerular bleeding, glomerulonephritis, renal calculi, malignancies, Schistosomiasis, strenuous exercise

Answer 173

Red blood cells

Question 174

predominant

Answer 174

Neutrophils

Question 175

Granulated and multilobed

Answer 175

Neutrophils

Question 176

Swells in hypotonic (dilute and alkaline) urine and granules undergo Brownian Movement (Glitter Cells) *clinically insignificant

Answer 176

Neutrophils

Question 177

Shrinks in hypertonic (acidic) urine

Answer 177

Neutrophils

Question 178

Present in small amount

Answer 178

Mononuclear cells

Question 179

An increase indicates an inflammatory response or renal transplant rejection

Answer 179

Mononuclear cells

Question 180

Clinical Significance: infection or inflammation in the GUT

Answer 180

Mononuclear cells

Question 181

Bacterial infection: cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis

Answer 181

Mononuclear cells

Question 182

Non-bacterial infection: glomerulonephritis, SLE, tumors

Answer 182

Mononuclear cells

Question 183

Largest cell (30-40 um) with abundant, irregular cytoplasm and prominent nucleus

Answer 183

Squamous epithelial cell

Question 184

Folded cell may resemble casts. Found in the linings of vagina, female urethra and lower portion of male urethra

Answer 184

Squamous epithelial cell

Question 185

o Spherical, polyhedral or caudate with centrally located nucleus

Answer 185

Transitional epithelial cell

Question 186

o From linings of renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, urinary bladder and upper portion of male urethra.

Answer 186

Transitional epithelial cell

Question 187

o Significant numbers can be seen after catheterization (single, pairs, or in clumps {syncytia})

Answer 187

Transitional epithelial cell

Question 188

Oblong or round to oval or rectangular and contain an eccentric nucleus and coarsely granulated cytoplasm

Answer 188

Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell

Question 189

o Lipid-containing RTE cell

Question 190

o Seen in lipiduria (i.e. nephrotic syndrome)

Question 191

Identification of RTE

Answer 191

 Lipid Stains  Polarizing Microscope

Question 192

o RTE cell with nonlipid-filled vacuoles

Question 193

o Seen in acute tubular necrosis

Question 194

may be mistaken for WBCs

Answer 194

RTEs from the distal convoluted tubules

Question 195

Reporting of Epithelial Cells RFMoMa

Answer 195

o Squamous (LPF) o Transitional (HPF)

Question 196

Reporting of Epithelial Cells Ave. number per HPF

Answer 196

o RTE Cell o Oval Fat Bodies

Question 197

Parasites

Answer 197

Trichomonas vaginalis Schistosoma haematobium ova Enterobius vermicularis

Question 198

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 198

Pear-shaped flagellate

Question 199

 Blood fluke with terminal spine

Answer 199

Schistosoma haematobium ova

Question 200

 Causes hematuria

Answer 200

Schistosoma haematobium ova

Question 201

Small, refractile oval structures that may or may not bud

Answer 201

Yeasts

Question 202

seen in DM patients and _____________

Answer 202

Candida albicans

Question 203

 formed in the DCT and collecting ducts

Answer 203

CASTS (Cylindruria)

Question 204

Factors that favors cast formation

Answer 204

1. Urine stasis 2. High salt concentration 3. Low pH

Question 205

Formation of Casts

Answer 205

1. Aggregation and concentration of THP into fibrils that attaches to RTE cells. 2. Interweaving of protein fibrils into a mesh-like pattern. 3. (Possible) attachment of urinary sediments to the matrix 4. Detachment and excretion

Question 206

Order of Cast Degeneration

Question 207

Pathologic: glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, CHF

Answer 207

Hyaline cast

Question 208

May be within the nephron confused with EC casts *use phase contrast or a supravital stain

Answer 208

WBC cast

Question 209

Pyelonephritis Acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 209

WBC cast

Question 210

Advanced tubular destruction Renal tubular damage

Answer 210

RTE cell cast

Question 211

Pyelonephritis

Answer 211

6Bacterial cast cast

Question 212

Identification using Gram Staining

Answer 212

Bacterial cast cast

Question 213

Not stained by SternheimerMalbin stain

Answer 213

Fatty cast

Question 214

Identified using lipid stains and polarizing microscope

Answer 214

Fatty cast

Question 215

Neph rotic syndrome (Lipiduria)

Answer 215

Fatty cast

Question 216

Brittle, highly refractile with jagged edges

Answer 216

Waxy cast

Question 217

Stasis of urine flow

Answer 217

Waxy cast

Question 218

Indicates widening of the tubular walls

Answer 218

Broad cast

Question 219

Extrem e urine stasis

Answer 219

Broad cast

Question 220

Renal failure

Answer 220

Broad cast

Question 221

Hyaline matrix with coloration due to pigmentation incorporation

Answer 221

Pigmented cast

Question 222

Incorporated bilirubin

Answer 222

(golden brown)

Question 223

Hemoglobin or myoglobin

Answer 223

(yellow to red brown)

Question 224

Casts containing multiple cell types

Answer 224

Mixed cellular cast

Question 225

Glomerulonephritis (RBC and WBCs)

Answer 225

Mixed cellular cast

Question 226

Pyelonephritis (WBC, RTE casts or WBC and bacterial casts)

Answer 226

Mixed cellular cast

Question 227

Casts containing urates, CaOx, and sulfonamides are occasionally seen

Answer 227

Crystal cast

Question 228

Deposition of crystals in the tubule or collecting duct

Answer 228

Crystal cast

Question 229

formed by precipitation of urinary solutes (organic compounds, salts, medication, etc.)

Answer 229

URINARY CRYSTALS

Question 230

“2 pyramids joined at their bases”

Answer 230

Dihydrate

Question 231

oval or Dilute HCl; Insoluble in HAc dumbbell Calcium sulfateshaped

Answer 231

Monohydrate

Question 232

Yellowbrown/colorless elongated prisms

Answer 232

Hippuric acid

Question 233

large granules and may have spicules

Answer 233

Acid urate

Question 234

Slender prisms arranged in fan or sheaf like structures

Answer 234

Sodium urate

Question 235

Granular; white ppt

Answer 235

Amorphous phosphate

Question 236

Dilute HAc

Answer 236

Amorphous phosphate Calcium phosphate/apatite Triple phosphate

Question 237

Gas from HAc

Answer 237

Calcium carbonate

Question 238

insoluble by heat

Answer 238

Calcium phosphate/apatite

Question 239

Heat with HAc

Answer 239

Ammonium biurate

Question 240

Water and Ether

Answer 240

Hippuric acid

Question 241

Acetic aci d

Answer 241

Calcium sulfate

Question 242

Insoluble in HAc

Answer 242

CaOx

Question 243

- basic calcium PO4

Answer 243

a. Hydroxyapatite

Question 244

- calcium hydrogen PO4

Answer 244

b. Brushite

Question 245

Long slender prisms with one end pointed; found in clusters

Answer 245

Dicalcium phosphate

Question 246

Presence of ureasplitting bacteria

Answer 246

Ammonium biurate Triple phosphate

Question 247

Small, colorless, dumbbell-shaped.

Answer 247

Calcium carbonate

Question 248

Formation of gas (effervescence) after the addition of acetic acid

Answer 248

Calcium carbonate

Question 249

Colorless, hexagonal plates (Piattos)

Answer 249

Cystine

Question 250

Dilute HCl and Ammonia

Answer 250

Cystine

Question 251

colorless to yellow needles

Answer 251

Tyrosine

Question 252

soluble in HAc, while sulfonamide is positive with Lignin and Diazo rxn

Answer 252

Sulfonamide

Question 253

Solubility: Acetone

Answer 253

Sulfonamide

Question 254

Solubility: Refrigeration = bundles

Answer 254

Ampicillin

Question 255

1. volume of sediment after decantation

Question 256

2. volume of sediment for microscopic examination

Question 257

3. produces a 3-D image by differential contrast

Question 258

4. two components of Hansel stain

Question 259

5. most significant epithelial cell

Question 260

6. reporting of #5

Question 261

7. quantity of #5 considered as significant

Question 262

8. condition indicated by #7

Question 263

9. RBCs in hypotonic are known as _____

Question 264

10. WBCs with sparkling appearance

Question 265

11. What type of WBC is #10?

Question 266

12. most frequently seen parasite in urine

Question 267

13. When does the presence of spermatozoa in urine reported?

Question 268

14. more common form of calcium oxalate

Question 269

15. color of amorphous urates in fresh urine

Question 270

16. compounds that precipitate in acidic urine forming crystals

Question 271

17. stain used for the identification of eosinophils

Question 272

18. stains used to confirm the presence of oval fat bodies

Question 273

19. parasite considered as most common fecal contaminant

Question 274

20. primary factor affecting in vitro crystallization

Question 275

21. metabolic disorder associated with uric acid crystals

Question 276

22. percentage of mononuclear cells implicated in chronic inflammation

Question 277

23. bubble cell is originally what specific cell

Question 278

24. primary factor affecting in vivo crystallization

Question 279

25. sediment that may accompany S. haematobium

Question 280

POINTS to PONDER..... A 2-year-old left unattended in the garage for 5 minutes is suspected of ingesting antifreeze. What type of crystal would you expect to be present? What urine pH correlates with this crystal?

Question 281

of urinary sediment is the third part of routine urinalysis, after physical and chemical examination.

Answer 281

Microscopic examination

Question 282

The purpose is to detect and to identify [?] present in the urine.

Answer 282

insoluble materials

Question 283

Since some urinary sediments are of no clinical significance and others are considered normal unless they are present in increased amounts, examination of the urinary sediment must include both [?] of the elements present.

Answer 283

identification and quantitation

Question 284

Take note of the following under the LPO:

Question 285

Shift to HPO and take note of the presence of the following:

Question 286

Microscopic Quantitation: Epithelial cells/LPF Crystals/HPF Bacteria/HPF RBCs/HPF WBCs/HPF Casts/LPF Mucous threads

Question 287

Do not quantitate [?], but do note their presence based on laboratory practice.

Answer 287

budding yeasts, mycelial elements, trichomonas or sperms

Question 288

Heat and alkali flui

Answer 288

Amorphous urates

Question 289

Dilute HCl; Insoluble in HAc

Answer 289

CaOx

Question 290

Acetic acid

Answer 290

Calcium sulfate

Question 291

Water and ether

Answer 291

Hippuric acid

Question 292

Dilute HAc

Answer 292

Amorphous phosphate Triple phosphate

Question 293

Heat with HAc

Answer 293

Ammonium biurate

Question 294

Dilute HAc; Insoluble by heat

Answer 294

Calcium phosphate/apatite

Question 295

Gas from HAc

Answer 295

Calcium carbonate

Question 296

Seen in old specimens

Answer 296

Ammonium biurate

Question 297

Colorless, hexagonal plates (piattos)

Answer 297

Cystine

Question 298

Cyanide-nitropruside test Sulivan test

Answer 298

Cystine

Question 299

Colorless to yellow-brown needles

Answer 299

Sulfonamide

Question 300

Overdose of penicillin drugs

Answer 300

Ampicillin

Question 301

Oily-looking spheres with concentric circles and radial striations

Answer 301

Leucine