6-Human Retroviruses and HIV Pathogenesis Flashcards
What is the causative agent in Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)?
HTLV-1
What can cause HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP)?
HTLV-1 and 2
What percent of people are asymptomatically infect by HTLV?
93%
What type of disease is HTLV considered?
non-contagious
What are the 3 routes of HTLV transmission?
Breast Feeding - 25% transmission rate
Sex
IV drug use
What type of HIV has the most cases in West Africa and not many in the US; slower progression?
HIV-2
What drugs is HIV-2 resistant to?
Drugs used to treat HIV-1
What are the majority of cells HIV infects?
CD4+ T cells
Upon initial acute HIV infection it uses … receptor; only one virus infects a person - that virus is … restricted?
CCR5
Where does HIV establish an infection and then remains during chronic infection?
(GALT) Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
The HIV infection of the GALT early on in infection results in what two things?
disbiosis in the gut and leakage of LPS into the blood
During acute infection, where can HIV establish an infection?
Brain - HIV can cross the BBB
What type of cells are established during the acute phase of HIV infection, they are very long lived; if antiviral drugs are removed the virus from these cells will reseed the infection?
Latently infected HIV cells
Without treatment what percentage of people who are infected with HIV will develop AIDS and die from opportunistic infections or cancer?
95%
What is the average time from infection until developing AIDS (without treatment)?
10 years
In Chronic HIV Infection there is a gradual loss of CD4+ T cells and near the development of AIDS a loss of what cells also occurs?
CD8 T cells
What results from continuing Chronic HIV Infection in the brain; before cART 20% of the people infected would proceed to this disease?
(HAD) HIV Associated Dementia
At what CD4 count do a large majority of opportunistic infections start?
What are the 2 names for HIV treatment?
(HAART) Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
(cART) Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Name 3 benefits of starting HIV treatment early.
- Less immune dysfunction
- Less severe neurological effects-possible not proven
- Potential for lower amount of latently infected cells
Also:
- Less dysfunction in the GALT
- CD4 counts can reach unaffected levels
