5-How Viruses are Transmitted and Cause Disease Flashcards
Number of new infections
Incidence
Total number of infections in a population, new and old?
Prevalence
Normal number of cases in a population
Endemic
An increase in the normal number of cases in an area
Epidemic
An epidemic that has spread to several countries of continents
Pandemic
On average how many people one infected person will infect in a susceptible population.
Reproductive Rate
What is the season for viruses that are enveloped, and transmitted through respiratory route (Influenza, RSV, measles)?
Winter/Spring
What is the season for Arboviruses?
Summer/early Fall
An infectious disease transmitted from one source to another.
Communicable
Term derived from contact, very communicable disease. A disease is spread from contact or close proximity to an infected person and is transmitted by: respiratory droplets, fecal/oral, contact with skin or abrasion (less common).
Contagious
These diseases are still communicable but not by casual contact
Non-contagious
What are the 6 ways non-contagious infections are transmitted through?
Sexual contact Parenteral/Injection Congenital Perinatal Arboviral Zoonotic
What are 7 examples of non-contagious diseases?
HBV, HCV, HIV, ZIKA, West Nile, Rabies
The time from infection until symptoms appear.
Incubation Period
The person is infected but no virus is shed from the body; time from infection until you become infectious.
Latent Period
The time that the infected individual can spread the disease to others; can occur before symptoms appear and can stop before symptoms resolve.
Infectious Phase
Refers to the generalized symptoms that can occur in many viral infections BEFORE specific symptoms arise that might aid in a diagnosis.
Prodromal Phase
Which type of infection spreads through the body, via blood or nervous system?
Generalized (systemic) Infections
Which type of infection has the shorter incubation time?
Localized (systemic) Infections
In which type of infection is IgA usually important?
Localized
In which type of infection is IgG more important?
Generalized
In which type of infection is there a viremic stage?
Generalized
What is the most common form of transmission?
human to human
What type of human to human transmission is the most common from person to person?
horizontal
What type of human to human transmission is from mother to infant (either in utero or during birth)?
Vertical
What is the spread of a disease from a non-human reservoir to a human host?
Zoonotic
What type of Zoonotic spread is with an insect intermediary called the vector?
Indirect
What type of Zoonotic spread is from the infected non-human animal to the human?
Direct
