5-How Viruses are Transmitted and Cause Disease

Question 1

Number of new infections

Answer 1

Incidence

Question 2

Total number of infections in a population, new and old?

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

Normal number of cases in a population

Answer 3

Endemic

Question 4

An increase in the normal number of cases in an area

Answer 4

Epidemic

Question 5

An epidemic that has spread to several countries of continents

Answer 5

Pandemic

Question 6

On average how many people one infected person will infect in a susceptible population.

Answer 6

Reproductive Rate

Question 7

What is the season for viruses that are enveloped, and transmitted through respiratory route (Influenza, RSV, measles)?

Answer 7

Winter/Spring

Question 8

What is the season for Arboviruses?

Answer 8

Summer/early Fall

Question 9

An infectious disease transmitted from one source to another.

Answer 9

Communicable

Question 10

Term derived from contact, very communicable disease. A disease is spread from contact or close proximity to an infected person and is transmitted by: respiratory droplets, fecal/oral, contact with skin or abrasion (less common).

Answer 10

Contagious

Question 11

These diseases are still communicable but not by casual contact

Answer 11

Non-contagious

Question 12

What are the 6 ways non-contagious infections are transmitted through?

Answer 12

Sexual contact
Parenteral/Injection
Congenital 
Perinatal
Arboviral
Zoonotic

Question 13

What are 7 examples of non-contagious diseases?

Answer 13

HBV, HCV, HIV, ZIKA, West Nile, Rabies

Question 14

The time from infection until symptoms appear.

Answer 14

Incubation Period

Question 15

The person is infected but no virus is shed from the body; time from infection until you become infectious.

Answer 15

Latent Period

Question 16

The time that the infected individual can spread the disease to others; can occur before symptoms appear and can stop before symptoms resolve.

Answer 16

Infectious Phase

Question 17

Refers to the generalized symptoms that can occur in many viral infections BEFORE specific symptoms arise that might aid in a diagnosis.

Answer 17

Prodromal Phase

Question 18

Which type of infection spreads through the body, via blood or nervous system?

Answer 18

Generalized (systemic) Infections

Question 19

Which type of infection has the shorter incubation time?

Answer 19

Localized (systemic) Infections

Question 20

In which type of infection is IgA usually important?

Answer 20

Localized

Question 21

In which type of infection is IgG more important?

Answer 21

Generalized

Question 22

In which type of infection is there a viremic stage?

Answer 22

Generalized

Question 23

What is the most common form of transmission?

Answer 23

human to human

Question 24

What type of human to human transmission is the most common from person to person?

Answer 24

horizontal

Question 25

What type of human to human transmission is from mother to infant (either in utero or during birth)?

Answer 25

Vertical

Question 26

What is the spread of a disease from a non-human reservoir to a human host?

Answer 26

Zoonotic

Question 27

What type of Zoonotic spread is with an insect intermediary called the vector?

Answer 27

Indirect

Question 28

What type of Zoonotic spread is from the infected non-human animal to the human?

Answer 28

Direct