6. Hip, Buttock and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the yellow, purple and red bones of the pelvis

A

Yellow = ilium

Purple = ischium

Red = pubis

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2
Q

Where is the femur most frequently fractured?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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3
Q

Where is the adductor tubercle?

A

Just superior to the medial chondyle

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4
Q

Name the 3 lines seen on the shaft of the femur posteriorly

A

Medial suprachondylar

Lateral suprachondylar

Linea aspera

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5
Q

What lies between the chondyles of the femur?

A

Interchondylar fossa

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6
Q

Which 2 axes form the agle of inclination in the femur?

A

Long axis of shaft

Long axis of head and neck

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7
Q

What 2 categories of muscles are found in the gluteal region? Name the 4 muscles of each category

A

Gluteal:

  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus Minimus
  4. Tensor fasciae latae

Short external hip rotators:

  1. Piriformis (key one to know)
  2. Obturator internus
  3. Gemelli
  4. Quadratus femoris
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8
Q

Describe the attachments of the gluteal muscles to the pelvis

A

Proximal attachments:

  • All Gluteus muscles attach to ilium
  • Max = most superior and smallest attachment
  • Medius and then minimus attach inferiorly with larger areas of attachment
  • TFL attaches to anterior part of iliac crest and ASIS

Distal attachments:

  • G. maximus = mostly iliotibial tract, also gluteal tuberosity
  • G. medius and minimus = lateral trochanter of femur
  • TFL = iliotibial tract
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9
Q

What are the 3 key functions of the gluteal muscles?

A

Extension

Abduction

External (lateral) rotation

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the ecternal rotators of the gluteal region?

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh

Abduct flexed thigh

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11
Q

Recall the attachments of piriformis

A

Proximal: Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrum (anterior)

Distal: Greater trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Recall the attachments of obturator internus

A

Proximal = obturator membrane

Distal = greater trochanter

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13
Q

Recall the attachments of quadratus femoris

A

Proximal: ischial tuberosity

Distal: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

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14
Q

What is the main function of gluteus maximus?

A

Thigh extension

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15
Q

What is the main function of glutues medius and minimus anf TFL?

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

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16
Q

Name 3 bursae found in the gluteal region

A

Trochanteric

Gluteofemoral

ischial

17
Q

Recall the muscles seen in the deep compartment of the gluteal region working from gluteus medius inferiorly

A

Guteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli

Quadratus femoris

18
Q

Recall the distal attachment of the quadriceps

A

Tibial tuberosity

19
Q

What is the general function of each of the compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior: flex hip, extend kneww

Medial: adduct hip

Posterior; extend hip, flex knee

20
Q

Recall the muscles of each compartment of the thigh

A

Anterior: Quads, Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Sartorius

Medial: Adductor longus/ brevis/ magnus, obturator internus, gracilis

Posterior: Biceps femoris, Semimembranous, Semitendinous

21
Q

Name each of the quadricep muscles and recall the nerve supply

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis/ medialis and intermedius

Femoral nerve

22
Q

Describe the shape of sartorius and its attachments

A

Shape = strap muscle

Proximal attachment = ASIS

Distal attachment = superior part of medial tibia

23
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior = inguinal ligament

Medial = Adductor longus

Lateral = sartorius

24
Q

Where does the patellar ligament distally attach?

A

Tibial tuberosty

25
Recall the muscles seen in superficial anterior view of the thigh from lateral to medial
Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Sartorius Gracilis
26
What runs in the adductor canal?
Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve
27
Describe the layers of fascia in the thigh
Superficial = subcut tissue Deep = fascia lata
28
Describe the pathway of the sciatic nerve
Passes through greater sciatic foramen Cross inferior medial quadrant of buttock Passes down posterior aspect of thigh
29
What are the 2 main branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial Common peroneal
30
What is supplied by the sciatic nerve?
Hamstrings and muscles below knee
31
Which quadrant of the buttock should be used for IM injection?
Superior lateral