6. Hip, Buttock and Thigh Flashcards
Identify the yellow, purple and red bones of the pelvis
Yellow = ilium
Purple = ischium
Red = pubis
Where is the femur most frequently fractured?
Intertrochanteric line
Where is the adductor tubercle?
Just superior to the medial chondyle
Name the 3 lines seen on the shaft of the femur posteriorly
Medial suprachondylar
Lateral suprachondylar
Linea aspera
What lies between the chondyles of the femur?
Interchondylar fossa
Which 2 axes form the agle of inclination in the femur?
Long axis of shaft
Long axis of head and neck
What 2 categories of muscles are found in the gluteal region? Name the 4 muscles of each category
Gluteal:
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae
Short external hip rotators:
- Piriformis (key one to know)
- Obturator internus
- Gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
Describe the attachments of the gluteal muscles to the pelvis
Proximal attachments:
- All Gluteus muscles attach to ilium
- Max = most superior and smallest attachment
- Medius and then minimus attach inferiorly with larger areas of attachment
- TFL attaches to anterior part of iliac crest and ASIS
Distal attachments:
- G. maximus = mostly iliotibial tract, also gluteal tuberosity
- G. medius and minimus = lateral trochanter of femur
- TFL = iliotibial tract
What are the 3 key functions of the gluteal muscles?
Extension
Abduction
External (lateral) rotation
What are the main functions of the ecternal rotators of the gluteal region?
Laterally rotate extended thigh
Abduct flexed thigh
Recall the attachments of piriformis
Proximal: Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrum (anterior)
Distal: Greater trochanter of femur
Recall the attachments of obturator internus
Proximal = obturator membrane
Distal = greater trochanter
Recall the attachments of quadratus femoris
Proximal: ischial tuberosity
Distal: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
What is the main function of gluteus maximus?
Thigh extension
What is the main function of glutues medius and minimus anf TFL?
Abduct and medially rotate thigh
Name 3 bursae found in the gluteal region
Trochanteric
Gluteofemoral
ischial
Recall the muscles seen in the deep compartment of the gluteal region working from gluteus medius inferiorly
Guteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Recall the distal attachment of the quadriceps
Tibial tuberosity
What is the general function of each of the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior: flex hip, extend kneww
Medial: adduct hip
Posterior; extend hip, flex knee
Recall the muscles of each compartment of the thigh
Anterior: Quads, Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus/ brevis/ magnus, obturator internus, gracilis
Posterior: Biceps femoris, Semimembranous, Semitendinous
Name each of the quadricep muscles and recall the nerve supply
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis/ medialis and intermedius
Femoral nerve
Describe the shape of sartorius and its attachments
Shape = strap muscle
Proximal attachment = ASIS
Distal attachment = superior part of medial tibia
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior = inguinal ligament
Medial = Adductor longus
Lateral = sartorius
Where does the patellar ligament distally attach?
Tibial tuberosty
Recall the muscles seen in superficial anterior view of the thigh from lateral to medial
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Gracilis
What runs in the adductor canal?
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Describe the layers of fascia in the thigh
Superficial = subcut tissue
Deep = fascia lata
Describe the pathway of the sciatic nerve
Passes through greater sciatic foramen
Cross inferior medial quadrant of buttock
Passes down posterior aspect of thigh
What are the 2 main branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial
Common peroneal
What is supplied by the sciatic nerve?
Hamstrings and muscles below knee
Which quadrant of the buttock should be used for IM injection?
Superior lateral
