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LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs > 3. The Elbow, Forearm And Wrist > Flashcards

3. The Elbow, Forearm And Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the position of the radial styloid process

A

Most distal lateral point

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2
Q

What group of muscles attaches to the medial epicondyle?

A

Flexors

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3
Q

What group of muscles attaches to the lateral epicondyle?

A

Extensors

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4
Q

Where does the radius articulate with the humerus?

A

At the trochlea

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5
Q

Describe the articulation of the ulna and the humerus

A

Anterior: Does not articulate with capitulum
Posterior: olecranon process articulates at olecranon fossa

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6
Q

Which bone of the forearm has a wider articulation with the humerus?

A

Ulna

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7
Q

Which bone of the forearm has a wider articulation with the carpals?

A

Radius

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8
Q

Recall and describe the relative positioning of the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Radial to ulnar:
Layer 1: PT, FCR, PL, FCU
Layer 2: FDS
Layer 3: FPL, FDP, PQ

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9
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of pronator teres

A

Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: lateral radius
Pronates forearm

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10
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor carpi radialis

A

Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: 3rd metacarpal
Function: flex wrist, radial deviation

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11
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of palmaris longis

A

Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Function: wrist flexion

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12
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: Hook of hamate and pisiform
Function: flex wrist and ulnar deviation

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13
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Proximal attachment: Humeral head
Distal attachment: proximal end of 4 phalanges
Function: “girly fist” = finger flexion

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14
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor pollicis longus

A

Proximal attachment: middle 2 quarters of anterior radius
Distal attachment: distal phalynx of thumb
Function: flex thumb into fist

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15
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Proximal attachment: upper 3/4 of anterior ulnar and interosseous membrane
Distal attachment: base of distal phalanges
Function: flex tips of fingers into fist

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16
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of pronator quadratus

A

Proximal attachment: distal 1/3 of medial anterior ulnar
Distal attachment: distal 1/3 of lateral anterior radius
Function: pronate forearm

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17
Q

Recall the 6 superficial posterior muscles of the forearm from radial to ulnar

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum 
Extensor digiti minini
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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18
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of brachioradilis?

A

Proximal attachment: Lateral suprachondylar ridge of humerus

Distal attachment: radial styloid process

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19
Q

What is the function of brachioradialis?

A

Forearm pronation

Flexion of forearm when pronated

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20
Q

Recall the 6 deep posterior muscles of the forearm from proximal to distal

A 
Anconeus 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Extensor indicis
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21
Q

Describe the relative position of APL, EPL and EPB at the thumb

A

APL and EPB are anterior

EPL is posterior

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22
Q

Recall the innervation of the arm

A

All posterior = radial
All anterior upper arm = musculocutaneous
FCU and half of FDP = ulnar
All other anterior forearm = medial

23
Q

Name the 3 ligaments anteriorly surrounding the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral
Ulnar collateral
Radial anular

24
Q

Which 2 tendons are attached to the radius between the anular ligament of the radius and the interosseous membrane?

A

Biceps brachii

Oblique cord

25
Q

Recall the path and branches of the brachial artery

A

Brachial artery
Branches at elbow to radial and ulnar
Radial gives off radial recurrent branch
Ulnar continues and also gives rise to common interosseous
Common interosseous immediately branches into ant and post branches

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubical fossa?

A

Superior: between epicondyles
Medial: pronator teres
Lateral: brachioradialis

27
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis

Supinator

28
Q

Recall the neurovascular contents of the cubital fossa

A

DEEP:
Brachial artery (which bifurcates to radial and ulnal)
Median nerve
Radial nerve (which gives off deep branch)
SUPERFICIAL:
Median cubital vein
Lateral and medial cutaneous nerves

29
Q

Recall the 2 fascious structures of the cubital fossa

A

Biceps tendon = deep

Bicipital aponeurosis

30
Q

Which vein is perf for phlebotomy in the forearm?

A

Median cubital vein

31
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the hand

A

Proper palmar veins drain into dorsal venour arch, which drains into cephalic and basilic veins

32
Q

Recall the muscles involved in forearm supination, wand which of these have most influence

A

Main influences = supinator, biceps brachii

Also: ECRL, EPL

33
Q

Recall the muscles involved in forearm pronation

A

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

34
Q

How is a syndesmosis formed in the forearm?

A

Interosseous membrane joins radius and ulna

35
Q

Recall the ligaments involved in stabilising the wrist joint

A

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Palmar and dorsal radio-carpal ligaments
Palmar ulnocarpal ligament
Intercarpal ligaments

36
Q

Name the carpal bones, working from radial to ulnar sides, proximal then distal row

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
37
Q

Recall the muscles involved in bringing about wrist flexion

A

FCR and FCU (important, obviously)
Long flexors of thumb and fingers
PL
APL

38
Q

Recall the muscles involved in bringing about wrist extension

A

ECRL, ECRB, ECU (important, obviously)

Long flexors of thumb and fingers

39
Q

Recall the muscles involved in bringing about radial deviation of the wrist

A

FCR, ECRL, ECRB (obvious)

APL + EPB (run together, next to radius, obvious)

40
Q

Recall the muscles involved in bringing about ulnar deviation of the wrist

A

ECU
FCU
Really obvious please don’t screw this up xox

41
Q

What is a “sesemoid bone”, and where can an example of one be found in the hand?

A

Bone that forms within a tendon

Eg. Pisiform

42
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand

A

Anteriorly, ulnar side just lateral to FCU

43
Q

What does the ulnar artery supply in the forearm?

A

Medial muscles of the forearm via common, anterior and posterior interosseous branches

44
Q

Describe the descent of the radial artery in the forearm

A

Lateral side
Covered by BR
Enters hand anteriorly at radial aspect
Crosses anatomical snuff box

45
Q

Recall the relative positioning of the cephalic and basilic veins

A

Both superficial
Cephalic = lateral
Basilic = medial

46
Q

What is the proper name given to the deep veins of the forearm?

A

Venae comitantes

47
Q

Between which muscle heads are the ulnar, median and radial nerves enclosed?

A 
Ulnar = heads of FCU
Median = heads of PT
Radial = heads of supinator
48
Q

In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

FCU

Medial half of FDP

49
Q

In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the median nerve?

A 
PT
FCR
PL
FDS
Lateral half of FDP
Pronator quadratus
Palmaris longus
50
Q

In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the radial nerve?

A 
Brachioradialis
ECRL
ECRB
ED
EDM
ECU
supinator
APL
EPB
EPL
EI
51
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor reticulum

52
Q

Which tendon does not run through the carpal tunnel?

A

PL

53
Q

Recall the boundaries and contents of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Boundaries: superior = APL and EPB, inferoior = EPL
Contents: scaphoid, radial artery and nerve, cephalic vein

LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs (7 decks)

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