3. The Elbow, Forearm And Wrist Flashcards
Describe the position of the radial styloid process
Most distal lateral point
What group of muscles attaches to the medial epicondyle?
Flexors
What group of muscles attaches to the lateral epicondyle?
Extensors
Where does the radius articulate with the humerus?
At the trochlea
Describe the articulation of the ulna and the humerus
Anterior: Does not articulate with capitulum
Posterior: olecranon process articulates at olecranon fossa
Which bone of the forearm has a wider articulation with the humerus?
Ulna
Which bone of the forearm has a wider articulation with the carpals?
Radius
Recall and describe the relative positioning of the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm
Radial to ulnar:
Layer 1: PT, FCR, PL, FCU
Layer 2: FDS
Layer 3: FPL, FDP, PQ
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of pronator teres
Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: lateral radius
Pronates forearm
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor carpi radialis
Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: 3rd metacarpal
Function: flex wrist, radial deviation
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of palmaris longis
Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Function: wrist flexion
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor carpi ulnaris
Proximal attachment: CFT at medial tuberosity
Distal attachment: Hook of hamate and pisiform
Function: flex wrist and ulnar deviation
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor digitorum superficialis
Proximal attachment: Humeral head
Distal attachment: proximal end of 4 phalanges
Function: “girly fist” = finger flexion
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor pollicis longus
Proximal attachment: middle 2 quarters of anterior radius
Distal attachment: distal phalynx of thumb
Function: flex thumb into fist
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of flexor digitorum profundus
Proximal attachment: upper 3/4 of anterior ulnar and interosseous membrane
Distal attachment: base of distal phalanges
Function: flex tips of fingers into fist
Recall the proximal and distal attachments and function of pronator quadratus
Proximal attachment: distal 1/3 of medial anterior ulnar
Distal attachment: distal 1/3 of lateral anterior radius
Function: pronate forearm
Recall the 6 superficial posterior muscles of the forearm from radial to ulnar
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minini Extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the proximal and distal attachments of brachioradilis?
Proximal attachment: Lateral suprachondylar ridge of humerus
Distal attachment: radial styloid process
What is the function of brachioradialis?
Forearm pronation
Flexion of forearm when pronated
Recall the 6 deep posterior muscles of the forearm from proximal to distal
Anconeus Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis
Describe the relative position of APL, EPL and EPB at the thumb
APL and EPB are anterior
EPL is posterior
Recall the innervation of the arm
All posterior = radial
All anterior upper arm = musculocutaneous
FCU and half of FDP = ulnar
All other anterior forearm = medial
Name the 3 ligaments anteriorly surrounding the elbow joint
Radial collateral
Ulnar collateral
Radial anular
Which 2 tendons are attached to the radius between the anular ligament of the radius and the interosseous membrane?
Biceps brachii
Oblique cord
Recall the path and branches of the brachial artery
Brachial artery
Branches at elbow to radial and ulnar
Radial gives off radial recurrent branch
Ulnar continues and also gives rise to common interosseous
Common interosseous immediately branches into ant and post branches
What are the boundaries of the cubical fossa?
Superior: between epicondyles
Medial: pronator teres
Lateral: brachioradialis
What muscles make up the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis
Supinator
Recall the neurovascular contents of the cubital fossa
DEEP:
Brachial artery (which bifurcates to radial and ulnal)
Median nerve
Radial nerve (which gives off deep branch)
SUPERFICIAL:
Median cubital vein
Lateral and medial cutaneous nerves
Recall the 2 fascious structures of the cubital fossa
Biceps tendon = deep
Bicipital aponeurosis
Which vein is perf for phlebotomy in the forearm?
Median cubital vein
Describe the venous drainage of the hand
Proper palmar veins drain into dorsal venour arch, which drains into cephalic and basilic veins
Recall the muscles involved in forearm supination, wand which of these have most influence
Main influences = supinator, biceps brachii
Also: ECRL, EPL
Recall the muscles involved in forearm pronation
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus
How is a syndesmosis formed in the forearm?
Interosseous membrane joins radius and ulna
Recall the ligaments involved in stabilising the wrist joint
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Palmar and dorsal radio-carpal ligaments
Palmar ulnocarpal ligament
Intercarpal ligaments
Name the carpal bones, working from radial to ulnar sides, proximal then distal row
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
Recall the muscles involved in bringing about wrist flexion
FCR and FCU (important, obviously)
Long flexors of thumb and fingers
PL
APL
Recall the muscles involved in bringing about wrist extension
ECRL, ECRB, ECU (important, obviously)
Long flexors of thumb and fingers
Recall the muscles involved in bringing about radial deviation of the wrist
FCR, ECRL, ECRB (obvious)
APL + EPB (run together, next to radius, obvious)
Recall the muscles involved in bringing about ulnar deviation of the wrist
ECU
FCU
Really obvious please don’t screw this up xox
What is a “sesemoid bone”, and where can an example of one be found in the hand?
Bone that forms within a tendon
Eg. Pisiform
Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand
Anteriorly, ulnar side just lateral to FCU
What does the ulnar artery supply in the forearm?
Medial muscles of the forearm via common, anterior and posterior interosseous branches
Describe the descent of the radial artery in the forearm
Lateral side
Covered by BR
Enters hand anteriorly at radial aspect
Crosses anatomical snuff box
Recall the relative positioning of the cephalic and basilic veins
Both superficial
Cephalic = lateral
Basilic = medial
What is the proper name given to the deep veins of the forearm?
Venae comitantes
Between which muscle heads are the ulnar, median and radial nerves enclosed?
Ulnar = heads of FCU Median = heads of PT Radial = heads of supinator
In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve?
FCU
Medial half of FDP
In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the median nerve?
PT FCR PL FDS Lateral half of FDP Pronator quadratus Palmaris longus
In the forearm, which muscles are supplied by the radial nerve?
Brachioradialis ECRL ECRB ED EDM ECU supinator APL EPB EPL EI
What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor reticulum
Which tendon does not run through the carpal tunnel?
PL
Recall the boundaries and contents of the anatomical snuffbox
Boundaries: superior = APL and EPB, inferoior = EPL
Contents: scaphoid, radial artery and nerve, cephalic vein
