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LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs > 2. The Shoulder and Upper Arm > Flashcards

2. The Shoulder and Upper Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Recall the 3 fossae of the scapular and their relative positioning

A

Anterior: Supraspinous (above spine) and infrapinous (below spine)
Posterior: suprascapular

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2
Q

Where do the scapula and the clavicle articulate?

A

At the acromion

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3
Q

In an anterior view of the clavicle, in which direction is it bent?

A

Medial 2/3 are bent anteriorly and the lateral 1/3 is bent posteriorly

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4
Q

Describe the positioning of the deltoid tubercle

A

Inferior side of acromial (lateral) end of clavicle

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5
Q

Where does the costoclavicular ligament attach to the clavicle?

A

At the coronoid tubercle

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6
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

A

Glenoid cavity

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7
Q

Describe the location of the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus in an anterior view

A

Greater = lateral, lesser = fairly midline

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8
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle insert on the humerus, and with what structure is this continuous?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

Intertubercular line

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9
Q

Recall the points of articulation of the ulna and radius with the humerus

A 
Ulna = trochlea, olecranon fossa
Radius = capitulum
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10
Q

Recall the 4 compartments of muscles that attach to the pectoral girdle

A

Anterior and posterior pectoral girdle

Anterior and posterior compartments of the upper arm

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11
Q

Recall the muscles of the anterior pectoral girdle compartment

A

Pec major
Pec minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Recall the proximal and distal attachments of pec major

A

PA: Clavicular head and sternum
DA: Lat. bicipital groove and greater tubercle

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13
Q

Recall the nerve supply of pec major

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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14
Q

What is the main function of pec major?

A

Extension and internal rotation = punching

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15
Q

Recall the muscles attaching to the medial and lateral lip of the bicipital/ intertubercular groove

A 
Medial = teres major
Lateral = pec major
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16
Q

Which nerve supplies serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic

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17
Q

Recall the muscles of the posterior compartment of the pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius
Lat. dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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18
Q

Recall the innervation of trapezius

A

CNXI, C3/4

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19
Q

Recall the functions of each head of the trapezius

A

Upper: elevate soulder + extend head
Middle: abduct and stabilise scapula
Lower: depress scapula

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20
Q

Recall the innervation of lat dorsi, and its main function

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Major actions on humerus

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21
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids?

A

Attach to medial scapula to stabilise and retract it

22
Q

Recall the medial attachments of lat dorsi

A

T8 to pelvic region

23
Q

Recall the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

24
Q

Recall the innervation of the anterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Musculocutaneous

25
Q

Recall the origins of each head of the biceps brachii

A

Short head = coracoid process

Long head = supraglenoid tubercle

26
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity

27
Q

Recall the attachments of brachialis

A

PA: anterior humerus
DA: ulnar tuberosty

28
Q

What is the function of coracobrachilais?

A

Shoulder flexion and adduction

29
Q

Recall the muscles that attach to the coracoid process

A

Short head of biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Pec minor

30
Q

Recall the main function of brachialis

A

Flexion of elbow

31
Q

Recall the muscles of the posterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

32
Q

Recall the attachments of triceps brachii

A

PA: medial and lateral heads attach to posterior humerus, long head attaches to infraglenoid tubercle
DA: olecranon

33
Q

Recall the attachments of anconeus

A

PA: lateral epicondyle
DA: lateral olecranon

34
Q

Recall the innervation of the posterior compartment of the upper arm

A

Radial nerve

35
Q

What is the main muscle involved in elbow extension?

A

Anconeus

36
Q

Recall the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Rotator cuff

37
Q

Recall the muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

38
Q

Recall the innervation of the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Axillary and subscapular nerves

39
Q

Recall the function of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Hold humerus within glenoid

Depress humerus head

40
Q

Recall the function of teres major

A

Adduction and internal rotation

41
Q

Which joint of the pectoral girdle is “virtual”?

A

Scapulo-thoracic

42
Q

Describe the shape of the glenoid fossa

A

Shallow, deepened by the cartilaginous labrum

43
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibro-cartilaginous rim of glenoid cavity

44
Q

What is a bursa of a joint?

A

Capsule of enclosed synovial fluid

45
Q

Recall the ligaments that are vulnerable to tear causing shoulder disloation, and the consequences of tearing each example

A

Ligaments of acromioclavicular joint:
Acromioclavicular ligament tear –> minor dislocation
Coracoclavicular ligament –> if you tear this in addition to AC ligament = major dislocation

46
Q

Recall the components of each wall of the axilla

A

Anterior wall = pec major and minor
Medial wall = serratus anterior and rib 4
Posterior wall = subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi, scapula

47
Q

Recall the route and branches of the subclavian artery

A

Loops under clavicle –> axillary arteryq
Medial to gleno-humeral joint
Circumflex branches wind around humerus
Becomes brachial artery at inferior border of teres
Profunda brachii branches posteriorly
At elbow bifurcates into ulnar and radial

48
Q

Recall the superficial limbs draining the arm

A

Cephalic (lateral)

Basilic (medial)

49
Q

Recall the deep venous drainage of the arm

A

Axillary vein

Subclavian vein

50
Q

Recall the course of the cephalic vein

A

Lateral border of arm –> joins axillary vein at axilla –> at 1st rib becomes subclavian vein

51
Q

Recall 4 key sets of lymph nodes draining the arm

A

Axillary
Surascapular
Cubital
Delto-pectoral

LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the limbs (7 decks)

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