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? Physics > 6. Fluids & Solids > Flashcards

6. Fluids & Solids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 things that can be a fluid

A

gas or liquid

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2
Q

what is the molecular arrangement like in fluids and how do they move

A

not arranged in any order/structure and thus move in random directions relative to each other

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3
Q

what is density

A

amount of mass a fluid contains in a specific volume

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4
Q

what is the equation for density

A

p = m/V

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5
Q

what is the unit for density

A

g/cm^3

kg/m^3

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6
Q

put the following into order from greatest to least density

A

solid > liquid > gas

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7
Q

what does being least dense mean for gas

A

it can be compressed

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8
Q

are solids and liquids compressible in terms of the GAMSAT

A

no

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9
Q

what is specific gravity

A

ratio of density of substance to density of water

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10
Q

what is the equation for the specific gravity

A

SG = p(substance)/p(water)

p = density

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11
Q

if we want to calculate the specific gravity and the density is not known what do we do

A

use weight or mass of substance to find specific gravity

specific gravity will still be the same

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12
Q

what is the density of water

A

1g.ml = 1g/cm^3

same as 10^3kg/m^2

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13
Q

what does it mean relative to water if the specific gravity is less than one

A

substance is lighter than water

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14
Q

what does it mean relative to water if the specific gravity is less than one

A

substance is lighter than water

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15
Q

what does it mean relative to water if the specific gravity is more than one

A

substance is heavier than water

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16
Q

what does it mean relative to water if the specific gravity is equal to one

A

substance equally as heavy as water

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17
Q

what is the equation for pressure

A

P = F/A

F = perpendicular force to area in Newtons
P = pressure in pascal (1Pa = 1N/m^2)

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18
Q

what is pressure defined as

A

potential energy per unit volume

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19
Q

what is the equation for calculating pressure

A

P = pgh

p = density of gas or fluid (kg/m^3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.80m/s^2)
h = height of a column of gas or fluid (m)

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20
Q

at a certain depth what is known about the pressure of the fluid

A

it is the same in all directions

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21
Q

does the shape or surface area of the container affect fluid pressure

A

no

22
Q

fluids exert forces that are always 90 degrees to what

A

to the surface of the container

23
Q

the pressure of a fluid is directly proportional to what 2 characteristics of the fluid

A

its density and its depth

24
Q

what is the buoyant force

A

when object is submerged in water the upward force that acts on submerged object is the buoyant force

25
Q

what is achimedes principle

A

buoyant force is upward force that acts on submerged object and equal to weight of fluid that is displaced by the submerged object

26
Q

what is the unit of pressure

A

Pascals (Pa)

27
Q

what is the equation for buoyant force

A

Fb = p(fluid)Vg

28
Q

the specific gravity of the fluid is equivalent to what characteristics of the object

A

the height of an object partially submerged in the fluid

29
Q

what is laminar flow in terms of particle movement direction and rate

A

all particles in fluid are moving in straight line in the same direction

moving at the same rate

30
Q

what is turbulent flow in terms of particle movement direction and rate

A

irregular flow of particles move in a state of chaos

some particles oppose the direction of others and cause collisions

31
Q

what is the equation for calculating the rate of laminar flow through a pipe

A

Volume = cross sectional area x distance
Distance = velocity x time

so

Volume = cross sectional area x velocity x time
(V = Avt)

Rate = volume past a point/time
R = Avt/t
R = Av

32
Q

what is the continuity equation

A

A1V1 = A2V2

A = cross sectional area
V = flow velocity

33
Q

what is fluid velocity

A

resistance of fluid layers to flow past each other

34
Q

what is the relatioship between velocity and speed

A

high velocity = slower

35
Q

what is reynolds number used to determine

A

whether the flow of a fluid is laminar or turbulent

36
Q

what is the equation for calculating reynolds number

A

R = vdp/n

d = diametre of tube
n = viscosity coefficient

37
Q

what does it mean if reynolds number is <2000

A

flow in a pipe is generally laminar

38
Q

what does it mean if reynolds number is >2000

A

flow is generally turbulent

39
Q

what is surface tension

A

intensity of intermolecular forces per unit length

40
Q

what does surface tension adirse from

A

an imbalance of the cohesive forces between molecules

41
Q

which is the imbalance of the cohesive forces between molecules that surface tension arise from regarding molecules in bulk liquid

A

molecule in bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions

42
Q

which is the imbalance of the cohesive forces between molecules that surface tension arise from regarding molecules at the surface of liquid

A

molecule at surface of liquid experiences only net inward cohesive forces

43
Q

what are the 2 components of elasticity in solids

A

stress

strain

44
Q

what is stress in terms of elasticity for solids

A

ratio of force applied to object on area over which the force is applied

45
Q

what is the unit for stress

A

N/m^2

46
Q

what is strain defined as in terms of elasticity for solids

A

fractional change in dimension of object caused by stress

47
Q

what is the unit of strain

A

it has no units

48
Q

what is the relationship between stress and strain

A

proportional to each other

49
Q

what is the modulus of elasticity

A

stress and strain are proportional and is given as a ratio

50
Q

what is the equation for modulus of elasticity

A

ME = stress/strain

? Physics (13 decks)

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