12. Lights & Optics Flashcards
what is light made up of what and what does each of these units represent
photon
each photon represents an electromagnetic wave
how does light behave
like a wave and particle
what is particle theory
energy transformation of light
what is wave theory
propagation of light
what is polarised light waves
waves where vibrations occur in a single plane
what do lens do to light
refract light
what do mirrors do to light
reflect
what is a real image
light rays pass through image and can be projected onto a screen
what is a virtual image
no light passes through image and cannot be projected onto a screen
for a plane/flat mirror all images seen are what 3 characteristics
virtual
left-right reverse
erect
a convex surface will do what to light
diverge light
a concave surface will do what to light
converge
what is the relationship between the focal length and the radius
f = 1/2radius
with concave mirrors light is converged towards ___
the axis
if object distance is less than focal length what kind of image does a concave mirror produce
virtual and erect
if object distance is more than focal length what kind of image does a concave mirror produce
real and inverted image
if object distance is equal to the focal length what kind of image does a concave mirror produce
no image formed
if the object distance is less than the radius what size of image will a concave mirror produce
increased size of image
if the object distance is more than the radius what size of image will a concave mirror produce
size of image is reduced
if the object distance is same as the radius what size of image will a concave mirror produce
size of image will be the same
incident rays that pass through the F when extended will reflect at what kind of angle
an angle parallel to the axis
the image formed by a convex mirror is always
virtual
erect
smaller than object
what is the mirror and lens equation
1/image distance = 1/object distance = 1/focal length
what is the magnification equation
M = -image/object
if magnification is >1 the image is ___ compared to the object
larger
if magnification is <1 the image is ___ compared to the object
smaller
if magnification is >1positive the image is ___
erect
if magnification is negative the image is ___
inverted
for r and f positive values = ____
positive = converging
negative = diverging
what is refraction
bending of light when it enters a medium that changes its speed
refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray towards/away from the normal to the boundary between the 2 media
towards the normal
the amount of bending in refraction depends on what
indicies of refraction of the 2 media
how is the index of refraction determined
by dividing speed of light in vacuum by speed of light in medium
a more optically dense medium will have a ___ index of refraction than a less optically dense medium
higher
what is the formula for snell law
sin(angle of incident to normal)/sin(angle of transmitted or refracted ray) = n1/n2 = v1/v2 = wavelength 1/wavelength 2
a smaller wavelength of incident light will cause what angle between transmitted ray and normal
smaller angle between transmitted ray and normal
what is a lens
transparent material that refracts light ray to form an image
what are the 2 types of lens
diverging/concave
converging/convex
what does a converging lens do
converge light rays that are travelling parallel to its principal axis
what does a diverging lens dp
diverge light rays that are travelling parallel to its principal axis
what does a converging lens look like
wider across middle and thinner at ends
what does a diverging lens look like
thinner across middle and thicker at ends
what is the focal point
point where rays of light initially parallel converge towards after emerging from a converging lens or diverge from after emerging from a diverging lens
diverging concave lens form images that are
always virtual, erect, reduced in size
converging convex lens form images that are what if the object distance is less than focal length
virtual
erect
converging convex lens form images that are what if the object distance is more than focal length
real and inverted
converging convex lens form images that are what if the object distance is same as focal length
no image formed
converging convex lens form images that are what size if the object distance is less than its radius
increased size of image
converging convex lens form images that are what size if the object distance is more than its radius
size of image is reduced
converging convex lens form images that are what size if the object distance is same as its radius
size of image is the same
