6. Energy Balance and Weight Control Flashcards
What is energy balance?
Energy balance: energy input = energy output
1 lb. weight loss = approx. 3500 kcal
What are some various uses of energy by the body?
- basal metabolism
- physical activity
- digestion, absorption, processing of ingested nutrients
- small amount of adaptive thermogenesis
What are the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity and health related consequences.
- age
- menopause
- sex
- energy balance
- physical activity patterns
- basal metabolism
- thermic effect of food
- increased hunger sensations
- ratio of fat to lean tissue
- fat uptake by adipose tissue
- genetic predisposition
- certain medications
- childbearing
- region of residence
List characteristics of a sound weight-loss program.
- rate of loss
- flexibility
- dietary pattern
- behaviour change
- overall health
What are the causes and treatment of underweight.
Underweight: BMI below 18.5
Causes:
- medical conditions, such as cancer
- excessive dieting or physical activity
- genetic factors
- internal and external satiety-signal irregularities
- rate of metabolism
Treatment:
- increase intake of calorie-dense foods
- encourage frequent and regular meals and snacks
- increase portion sizes
- avoid excessive activity
- include strength training
What is positive energy balance?
Energy intake is greater than energy expended.
Results in weight gain.
What is negative energy balance?
Energy intake is less than energy expanded.
Results in weight loss.
What does a bomb calorimeter measure?
Kilocalorie content by burning dried portion of food.
1kcal = amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree celsius.
What is thermogenesis:
Body burns calories to produce heat.
Define basal metabolism (BMR).
Minimal amount of calories used by the body.
Approximately 60% to 80% of total energy needs.
Energy needed for basal metabolism varies between individuals.
