6. EDUCATION - Ethnic Differences

Question 1

STATISTICS OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT:

What is the percentage of white students achieving the national average?

Answer 1

58%

Question 2

STATISTICS OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT:

Who are the highest attaining group and at what percentage do they achieve the national average?

Answer 2

Chinese at 78.5%

Question 3

STATISTICS OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT:

Who are the second highest performers and at what percentage do they achieve the national average?

Answer 3

Indian and 74.4%.

Question 4

STATISTICS OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT:

Pakistani and Black Caribbean pupils achieve poorly. What are their percentages at achieving the national average?

Answer 4

52.6% and 48.6%.

Question 5

STATISTICS OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENT:

Who are the lowest attaining groups and at what percentage do they achieve the national average?

Answer 5

Travellers, Gypsies and Roma
17.5%
10.8%
as they want to get married and have families young so they usually drop out.

Question 6

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Intellectual and Linguistic Skills
What do many children from low income black families lack and what does this lead to?

Answer 6

Intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences leading them to be poorly equipped for school.

Question 7

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
-Intellectual and linguistic skills
What is EAL and how does it what effect children?

Answer 7

EAL is English as a first language.
If English is not spoken at home it can hold children back significantly as obviously the schools language is English and if they aren’t socialised into that it causes educational underachievement.

Question 8

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Attitudes and Values
Why do some black pupils lack motivation and what are they socialised into that cause this?

Answer 8

They’re socialised into the fatalistic ‘live for today’ attitude which means they do not prioritise education as they don’t look at the future they live in the present.
The media has also created anti school role models for black pupils. In particular what is described as the ‘Ultra-Tough Ghetto Superstars’ on MTV.

Question 9

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Family Structure and Parental Support
- Black and Asian Families
Moyniah (1965) says black families are headed by a lone mother, her children will lack adequate care as she will struggle financially.
What else does he say?

Answer 9

That they lack male role models and this becomes a cycle where inadequately socialised children will then become inadequate parents too.

Question 10

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Family Structure and Parental Support
- Black and Asian Families
Sewell (2009), what does he say is the reason for black pupils under achieving?

Answer 10

It’s not the absence of fathers, it’s the inability for black pupils to embrace white british culture - it the lack of tough love and fatherly nurture.

Question 11

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Family Structure and Parental Support
- Black and Asian Families
What does Pryce (1979) say about Asian Families? what

Answer 11

Asians are higher achievers as their culture is resistant to racism and gives them a sense of self worth.
They have a more pro school attitude and they usually live in a bigger family so do not lack the same educationally enriching experiences black children do.

Question 12

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
1.) Cultural Deprivation
- Family Structure and Parental Support
- White Working Class
Mulloch (2014) found that ethnic minority pupils are more likely to aspire to university than white wc boys.
What does Evans (2006) say?

Answer 12

Street culture in white WC areas can be brutal and gang related so young people have learned how to withstand authority and intimidate others.
This leads to disruption at school.

Question 13

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
2.) Material Deprivation
The lack of physical necessities seen as essential in society.
This can explain underachievement as…

Answer 13

Pupils don’t have the resources they need to achieve
They could be hungry
They could be worried about income from and early age.

Question 14

EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR ETHNIC ACHIEVEMENT:
3.) Racism in wider society
In places like education, the house market and how does this social exclusion effect achievement?

Answer 14

Pupils could receive racial comments in school leading them to feel marginalised and realise from an early age that this will happen in all walks of life.

Question 15

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Labelling and Racism
Black Pupils
What are they seen as and what does this lead to?

Answer 15

‘No Hopers’ and exclusion from education.

Question 16

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Labelling and Teacher Racism
Asian Pupils
What do teachers do and how are Asian pupils seen in education?

Answer 16

They mispronounce names, speak to them in a patronising tone and express their disapproval of their customs.
They’re seen as more feminine and vulnerable.

Question 17

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Pupil Identities:
What is the Ideal Pupil Identity?

Answer 17

a white middle class masculinised identity with a normal sexuality and who is naturally academically successful

Question 18

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Pupil Identities:
What is the Pathologised Pupil Identity?

Answer 18

An Asian feminised identity seen as a conformist and culture bound overachiever. works hard to achieve with no natural ability.

Question 19

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Pupil Identities:
What is the Demonised Pupil Identity?

Answer 19

black or white WC with a hyper-sexual identity and are unintelligent.

Question 20

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Pupil Subcultures
As a response to teacher racism some pupils do what?

Answer 20

become withdrawn and disruptive and join anti school subcultures in which they question authority of teachers and the schools values

Question 21

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Assessments
Gilborn (2008) arches assessment is rigged to value the dominant group.
What happened when black pupils achieved?

Answer 21

Foundation Stage Profiles

Question 22

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Access to Opportunities:
POLICIES
Gilborn found whites are more likely to be labelled gifted and talented
and black pupils were less likely to be entered into what programme?

Answer 22

Aim Higher.

Question 23

INTERNAL FACTORS:
Marketisation and Segregation:
The selection process into schools may be based in favour of whites.
What did the racist bias cause?

Answer 23

They couldn’t get into good schools and there’s no information available to parents with EAL.

Question 24

INTERNAL FACTORS:
The Ethnocentric Curriculum
What is this?

Answer 24

Education highlights British values and fails to celebrate others. For example our holidays are based around christian beliefs, making Eid in the middle of the summer term.