6. Economic Resources

Question 1

Economics?

Answer 1

How good and services are produced, distributed and consumed in a society

Question 2

Capitalist system?

Answer 2

An economic system in which the means of production are owned by private companies and corporations that seek to gain the most profit

Question 3

What does culture shape?

Answer 3

Production
Distribution
Consumption of foods, goods and other resources

Question 4

Why do anthropologists we economics as a world of decisions?

Answer 4

• What activity to engage in or what product to purchase

- Economic decisions bring the individual some sort of desired value, whatever social, cultural, symbolic or monetary.

Question 5

Why don’t all actors have the same set of choices?

Answer 5

• Marginalized people don’t have access to the same type of choices
• Therefore, a discussion of economics should also consider access and inequality

Question 6

The drive of industrialized societies economy?

Answer 6

Profit and wealth:
Choices are guided by maximum profit

Principles of supply and demand:
High supply, low cost/ Low supple, high cost

Question 7

Production?

Answer 7

The first step in the economic process. Involves using natural or human resources to create items for use

Question 8

What determines what a society produces?

Answer 8

Available resources and tools

Question 9

What shapes a society’s modes of production?

Answer 9

Social, cultural, religious and political constraints

Question 10

What do how the production is organized depend on?

Answer 10

The size of the unit, individual household, corporation
Industrial societies corporation units
Non-industrial societies, household or family units

Question 11

Locus?

Answer 11

The location or site of something

Question 12

Division of labor refers to separation of sex-reproductive ability?

Answer 12

Assumptions based on incapabilities of pregnant or nursing women

Exclusively male activities
Swing activities
Predominantly female activities, non were found to be exclusively female

Question 13

What is sexual division based on?

Answer 13

It’s not universal nor based on biological differences but rather needs on parenting most efficiently

Question 14

Three models of exchange?

Answer 14

Reciprocity
Redistribution
Market Exchange

Question 15

Reciprocity?

Answer 15

A set of social rules that guide the specialized sharing of food and other items (gifts)

Question 16

Generalized reciprocity?

Answer 16

A form of specialized sharing in which the value of a gift is not specified at the time of chance, nor is the time or repayment

More likely to be practiced when the social distance is minimal (friends and family)

Opposite of profit-driven exchange, which focuses on self-interest

Question 17

Demand sharing? + values of?

Answer 17

The more someone has, the stronger demand for sharing.

Values of egalitarianism and equality

Question 18

Social capital?

Answer 18

Resources that have value within a particular social group in which exchanges are boúnd by reciprocity and trust

Question 19

Balanced reciprocity?

Answer 19

A form of exchange in which the value of goods is specified as well as the time frame of repayment

Question 20

Kula rung?

Answer 20

A system of balanced reciprocity in which gifts circulate among trading partners in Trobri and Island

Question 21

Prestige economy?

Answer 21

An economic system in which people seek power and status rather than monetary gain

Question 22

Leveling mechanism?

Answer 22

A social and economic obligation to distribute wealth so no one accumulates more than anyone else

Question 23

Cargo system?

Answer 23

A political and religious system among the Maya in which members must serve the community in a volunteer position for at least one year: a leveling mechanism

Question 24

Redistribution?

Answer 24

An economic system in which goods and money will flow into a central source, such as a governmental authority or religious institution
Paying tac and tribute

Question 25

Tribute?

Answer 25

A type of recurring payment, usually goods, that acknowledges submission and ensures protection

Question 26

Potlatch?

Answer 26

A ceremonial gathering in which Northwest Coast peoples mark important events and share food and other valued items.

• REdistribute, gift giving
• Reciprocity, A participant should contribute to partake in the meal

Question 27

Market economy?

Answer 27

An economic system in which prices for good and services are set by suppöy and demand
Foundation of capitalism

Question 28

Why are intensive agriculture and industrial economics are build in the marketplace?

Answer 28

Producing a surplus and a central location for exchange draw people to negotiate for the price of the item.

Question 29

Throughout history what forms has money taken?

Answer 29

Anything used to measure and pay the value of an item
Must be:
portable
durable
divisible

Question 30

Special purpose money?

Answer 30

Items used only to measure the value of things and lack a practical purpose. The value of the item is symbolic

Question 31

Multipurpose money/commodity money?

Answer 31

Commodities that can be used for other practical purposes decide simply as money, salt, rice, cacao beans, tobacco etc.
The item itself has value.

Question 32

Indentured?

Answer 32

Bound under contract to work in exchange of food or land

Often explorative

Question 33

Negative reciprocity?

Answer 33

A deceptive practice in which the exchange is unequal: the seller asks for more than the value of the item

Question 34

Barter?

Answer 34

Exchange of goods without the use of money, Trading items as if the items have monetary value, subject to the laws of supply and demand

Question 35

Haggling?

Answer 35

Arguing over or bargaining for the terms of a purchase or agreement

Question 36

Consumption?

Answer 36

The set of practices related to the rise of things produced by a society

Question 37

Commodity?

Answer 37

An item consumed by someone who is not its producer. Garin and lose value depending on the time period, history or context

Question 38

Conflict minerals?

Answer 38

Natural resources mined in an area where there is conflict (such as civil war) and used to fuel or fund the conflict, commit crimes, or perpetuate human rights abuses