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Anthroplogy > 10. Supernaturalism > Flashcards

10. Supernaturalism Flashcards

1
Q

Magic?

A

The use of powers to contact and control supernatural forces or beings

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2
Q

Rituals?

A

A symbolic practice that is ordered and regularly repeated

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3
Q

Taboos?

A

Prohibition of a practice

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4
Q

Fetishes?

A

Char; object of devotion thought to have magical powers

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5
Q

How do people use supernatural beliefs to exert agency and build connections

A

Supernatural beliefs give a sense of control in situations where they feel powerless

The structures around supernatural beliefs connect people with others in the community

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6
Q

REligion?

A

A set of beliefs or behaviors that pertain to supernatural forces or beings, which transcends the observable world

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7
Q

Supernaturalism?

A

Belief in aspects of life outside of a scientific understanding that we cannot measure or test

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8
Q

Four components of religious belief systems?

A

A shared interest in the supernatural
Use rituals
Guided by myths
Are symbolic

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9
Q

Myths?

A

A sacred story that explains the origins of the world or people in it
Guide values and behavior

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10
Q

Emic?

A

Insiders view: the perspective of the subject

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11
Q

Etic?

A

Outsiders view: an objective explanation

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12
Q

The earliest evidence of religion?

A

ON burial cities, preparing or assisting the person for the afterlife.

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13
Q

The intellectual function of religion?

A

Provides explanations for aspects of life which we have no logical answer for

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14
Q

The emotional function of religion?

A

Cope with anxiety-producing events out of our control

Ritual practices allow people to feel involved in achieving a positive outcome

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15
Q

Example of how differences in religion can lead to disgust and fear?

A

Islamophobia
Inaccurate link between radicals and the peaceful majority
Social sanctions excluding people based on ethnic prejudice

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16
Q

Ideology?

A

A system of beliefs that guides and justifies the actions of an individual or group

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17
Q

In what five ways can a belief system provide support?

A
  1. Creating community
  2. Instilling values
  3. Renewing faith
  4. Providing reasons for life events
  5. Solving problems
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18
Q
  1. Creating community?
A

Rituals, services, a commonality among members

Rites of passage

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19
Q
  1. Instilling values?
A

Religious texts, or oral tales, moral behavior guidelines for correct actions

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20
Q
  1. Renewing faith?
A

Rituals can elevate mode or bring a state of happiness or transcendence

CAn also use the threat of danger to renew faith in the belief system

21
Q
  1. Providing reasons for life events?
A

CErtain events or why bad things happen to good people + reasons for behavior ->food taboos

Finding comfort in “everything happens for a reason”

22
Q
  1. Solving problems?
A

Prayer is one of the most common ways humans seek assistance and solution to an immediate problem. Praying for rain, health etc.

23
Q

Divination?

A

The art of reading the future

24
Q

Supernatural beings?

A

Personified or embodied being that exists beyond the observable world, such as sprits or demons

25
Q

Supernatural forces?

A

Disembodied powers that exists beyond the observable world, such as good or bad luck

26
Q

Syncretism/syncretic?

A

A synthesis of two or more religious belief systems

27
Q

Deities?

A

Distant and powerful supernatural beings

Gods and goddesses

28
Q

In what type o society is deities mostly found and why?

A

Societies with a hierarchical social organization
Since a societies belief system reflects its social organization
Same with gender roles, patriarchy -> god

29
Q

Monotheism? Example gender roles pastoral society?

A

Worshipping one god or goddess

The subordinate role of women in pastoral societies is reflected in the few leadership roles for women in these religions

30
Q

Polytheistic?

A

A religious belief system workshopping multiple gods and goddesses

31
Q

Pantheon?

A

A set of gods and goddesses in a religious belief system, controlling different aspects of the world

32
Q

Ancestral spirits?

A

Comes from the idea that humans are made of two parts, body and soul, which separate upon death

33
Q

Ancestor veneration?

A

Worship of one’s ancestor reinforces the social values regarding family and kinship

34
Q

Spirits of nature?

A

Unobservable beings and forces that inhabit the natural world
Animism
Animatism

35
Q

People’s view in places where spirits and humans coexist?

A

A more equal relationship

People may not experience spirits to be supernatural, but simply a part of the natural world

36
Q

Animism?

A

Spirits beings inhabit natural object example talking to the car like a person or thinking that a butterfly is someone’s sprit who passed away

37
Q

Animatism?

A

The belief that spiritual forces inhabit natural objects

Example, charms, such or a curse

38
Q

Talisman?

A

An object thought to bring protection or luck to the owner, especially to ward off illness or evil

39
Q

Imitative magic? + example

A

Using something of a similar nature to direct or capture powerful forces

Example, the bazaar worn to protect the owner from the “evil eye”, looking like an eye

40
Q

Priest/priestess?

A

A full-time religious practitioner

Often find in stratified societies, with a major gap in peer distribution

41
Q

Shamans?

A

Part-time religious practitioner who specialise in communications with spirits, ancestors, or deities
Found in more egalitarian societies

42
Q

Trance?

A

An altered state of consciousness in which a person asks conscious control of their speech or actions

43
Q

Neurodiversity?

A

Describes people with neurological differences, ADHD, autism, dyslexia etc.

44
Q

Example of change subjected to belief systems by internal or external pressure?

A

Conquest & colonialism

People exert their agency by resisting (religious revitalisation movement), merge the two systems (syncretism) or invent a new tradition

45
Q

Religious revitalisation movement?

A

A process by which an oppressed group seeks supernatural aid throughout the creation of new ritual behaviour

46
Q

Ghost Dance?

A

A religious revitalisation movement started Amon the Northern Paiute that used a five day circle dance to seek help from the supernatural realm

47
Q

Cargo cults?

A

A religious revitalisation movement in Melanesia that used rituals to seek help and material wealth

48
Q

How is religion embedded in wider cultural practises

A

IT’s an expressive system, art, body modifications (scarred tattoos)

Anthroplogy (13 decks)

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