6: Drugs And Physical Agents Flashcards
Two major carcinogens in tobacco
Polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines
What happens to asbestos workers and uranium miners who also smoke?
10 fold increase in lung cancer
What can happen with maternal tobacco use to the fetus?
Spontaneous abortions, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction
Increase risk of lung cancer in second hand smokers
1.3x increased risk
Legal driving limit of alcohol in US
80 mg/dL (about 3 drinks)
ALDH*2 in Asian individuals
Asians tend to have low amount of ALDH2 -> difficult to breakdown alcohol -> nausea, flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation
Positive effect of drinking about a glass of wine daily
Increases HDL, inhibits platelet aggregation, decreased fibrinogen protects against CAD
How do most drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions present?
Skin rashes
How are 50% of acetaminophen ODs unintentional?
Bc its also in cough meds so adults dont know theyre taking double
Treatment for acetaminophen OD
N-acetylcysteine within 12 hrs
Analgesic nephropathy
The active metabolite of aspirin, phenacetin, can cause renal papillary necrosis with long term use
Heat stroke
High temp and exertion -> thermoregulation mechanisms fail -> sweating stops and core body temp rises over 40C -> multi organ dysfunction that can be fatal
Three types of radiation units and what they mean
- Curie (Ci): radiation emitted
- Gray (Gy): energy absorbed
- Sievert (Sv): equivalent dose of Grays x relative biological effectiveness of the radiation
Common sources of ionizing radiation
X-rays, gamma-rays, high energy neutrons, alpha and beta particles
What is the most common source of ionizing radiation in the US?
Medical devices and imaging
