6-D Abdominal Vasculature

Question 1

Name the 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and the embryonic areas of the gut they perfuse.

Answer 1

celiac artery (foregut); superior mesenteric artery (midgut); inferior mesenteric artery (hind gut)

Question 2

Circulation of the gut is established before/after? the gut rotates as an embryo.

Answer 2

before

Question 3

Name the three branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 3

common hepatic artery (right); splenic artery (left); left gastric artery (left)

Question 4

What does the common hepatic artery perfuse?

Answer 4

liver, superior pancreas, and first ½ duodenum

Question 5

How are abdominal arteries named?

Answer 5

they are named after the organ which they perfuse

Question 6

The left gastric artery of the celiac trunk perfuses what?

Answer 6

the lesser curvature of the stomach and the lower esophagus

Question 7

Name the 3 main branches of the common hepatic artery.

Answer 7

proper hepatic artery, right gastric artery and gastroduodenal artery

Question 8

Name the branches of the proper hepatic artery

Answer 8

right hepatic (branches to the cystic artery); and the left hepatic artery

Question 9

Name the branches of the gastroduodenal a.

Answer 9

right gastroepiploic a. and the superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Question 10

What is another name for the gastroepiploic a.?

Answer 10

gastro-omental a.

Question 11

What branches of the celiac trunk anastomose along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 11

left gastric a. (directly from the celiac trunk) and the right gastric a. (branch of the common or proper hepatic artery)

Question 12

Name the three elements of the portal triad

Answer 12

common bile duct, proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein (in the area of the hilus of the liver/ porta hepatitis)

Question 13

What two ducts join to form the common bile duct

Answer 13

common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

Question 14

Name the branches of the gastroduodenal artery

Answer 14

superior pancreaticoduodenal a. and the right gastroepiploic a.

Question 15

Where does the splenic artery run relative to the stomach

Answer 15

it runs posterior to the stomach (featuring a curly cue kink) and supplying the spleen, pancreas and stomach

Question 16

Name the 4 branches of the splenic artery

Answer 16

left gastroepiploic a., short gastric arteries, segmental branches to the spleen, and pancreatic branches

Question 17

Name the arteries that supply the lesser and greater curvatures of the stomach

Answer 17

lesser curvature: left and right gastric a. (from the common/proper hepatic a.); greater curvature: left and right gastroepiploic a. (from gastroduodenal and common hepatic) and short gastric a. (from the splenic artery)

Question 18

Where does the superior mesenteric artery originate?

Answer 18

dorsal to the pancreas (very near to the celiac trunk) and courses over the left renal vein

Question 19

Name the artery branches off the right sid eof the mesenteric artery (4).

Answer 19

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. and three colic arteries (supply colon)

Question 20

Name the branches off the left side of the superior mesenteric artery.

Answer 20

many intestinal arteries (supply the small intestine)

Question 21

Describe the branching pattern of the intestinal arteries.

Answer 21

superior mesenteric artery, intestinal artery, arcades, vasa recta

Question 22

Which blockage is more serious, one in the intestinal arteries or the vasa recta

Answer 22

vesa recta (this can lead to bowel necrosis) intestinal arteries can get blocked during movement

Question 23

Name the 3 branches from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery and what organs they supply?

Answer 23

Middle colic a. (transverse colon), right colic a. (ascending colon) and ileocolic a. (ileocelcal junction)

Question 24

Where is the junction between SMA and IMA perfusion?

Answer 24

at the splenic flexure, the junction between the transverse colon and the descending colon

Question 25

Name the 3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery and what do they supply?

Answer 25

left colic a. (descending colon), sigmoid arteries (sigmoid colon), and superior rectal (superior rectum) a.

Question 26

Which artery serves as the anastomotic connections between the SMA and IMA and what arteries feed into this artery?

Answer 26

marginal artery is fed by colic arteries and supply the colon via the end arteries

Question 27

Name the 3 sources of the blood supply to the pancreas

Answer 27

superior pancreaticoduodenal a. (celiac trunk), inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.(superior mesenteric a.) and the pancreatic branches of the splenic a. (celiac trunk)

Question 28

Anastomosis between celiac trunk and superio mesenteric artery occur via the ________ ______

Answer 28

pancreaticoduodenal arcade

Question 29

Name the two pathways of venous drainage from the adominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

the inferior vena cava and the hepatic portal vein

Question 30

What organs drain via the hepatic portal system?

Answer 30

peritoneal and secondarily retroperitoneal organs (gut tube, pancreas and spleen)

Question 31

What organs drain via the systemic venous drainage?

Answer 31

primarily retroperitoneal organs (kidney, gonads and inferior rectum)

Question 32

Which 4 veins contribute to the hepatic portal system?

Answer 32

Right and left gastric veins, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein and the superior mesentery vein

Question 33

Name 3 areas of portocaval anastomoses

Answer 33

rectal veins, lower esophageal veins and paraumbilical veins (butt, gut and caput)

Question 34

Blood can flow in either direction through the portal vessels due to what missing feature?

Answer 34

there are no valves in the hepatic portal system veins. direction would be reversed in the situation of portal hypertension secondary to liver disease (cirrhosis) causing collateral venous pathways to dilate, ie. hemorrhiods, lower esophageal varicies and caput medusae)