5-B Inguinal Region

Question 1

Explain the descent of the ovary.

Answer 1

Ovaries descend from the posterior abdominal wall to the pelvis as the processes vaginalis envaginates forming a short inguinal canal

Question 2

Describe the structure of the gubernaculum in females (names and attachment points of contributing ligaments)

Answer 2

ovarian ligament connects the ovary to the uterus and the round ligament connects the uterus to the labia majora

Question 3

Describe the components of the spermatic cord

Answer 3

spermatic duct, vessels and nerves (travels through the inguinal canal

Question 4

Name the pathway through the body wall in males.

Answer 4

Inguinal canal: space through which testis descend in the abdominal wall; begins as a projection of the peritoneal body wall (processes vaginalis) which is eventually severed to form an independent celom in the testis (tunica vaginalis)

Question 5

Describe the path of the gubernaculum in males

Answer 5

extends between the inferior pole of the testis to the presumptive scrotum

Question 6

Male gubernaculum is ________ that guides the descent of ____.

Answer 6

mesoderm that guides decent of the testis

Question 7

Describe composition of the tranversalis fascia.

Answer 7

layer of connective tissue that binds the parietal peritoneum and its subserous fascia to the transversus abdominus m. it extends down into the scrotum to surround the testis

Question 8

Describe the processes vaginalis in males.

Answer 8

envagination of the parietal peritoneum toward the scrotum, pushing abdominal wall layers ahead of itself (surrounds spermato cord and testis containing elements of the parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia, internal and external abdominal oblique m.)

Question 9

Name the celom that forms near the descended testis

Answer 9

tunica vaginalis

Question 10

What is the problem of a patent processus vaginalis

Answer 10

if the processuss vaginalis does not seal there is an open passage down toward the scrotum which is vulnerable to herniation

Question 11

What is the location of the deep inguinal ring

Answer 11

where the transversals fascia envaginates around the process vaginalis and testis (beginning of the inguinal canal)

Question 12

What is the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 12

where the external oblique envaginates and represents the external ending of the inguinal canal, it is formed by the splitting fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 13

The inferior edge of the external oblique aponeurosis is the ____ ____ attaching to the ASIS and inserting on the pubic tubercle

Answer 13

inguinal ligament

Question 14

Describe the developmental origin of the cremaster muscle

Answer 14

as the testis passes through the inferior edge of the internal abdominal oblique m. fibers are dragged along and form the cremaster muscle (skeletal muscle)

Question 15

Describe the transverses abdomens contribution to the testis descent

Answer 15

the transverses abdomens is not affected art eh testis passes just below its inferior edge

Question 16

Describe the relative position of the inferior epigastric and the deep inguinal ring

Answer 16

the deep inguinal ring lies lateral of the inferior epigastric vessels as the branch out

Question 17

Describe the tissue that contribute to the internal spermatic fascia.

Answer 17

transversalis fascia which is surrounded by layers of inferior edge of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, cremaster m. and internal abdominal oblique

Question 18

Cremaster muscle is developed from what abdominal muscle

Answer 18

internal oblique muscle

Question 19

Describe the tissue that contributes tot eh external spermatic fascia

Answer 19

external oblique

Question 20

Describe the relative position of the deep and superficial rings with the pubic tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 20

rings are medial and inferior to the ASIS and slightly lateral and superior to the pubic tubercle

Question 21

Describe what is meant by the inguinal triangle.

Answer 21

the weak area under the conjoint tendon (combined tendon for transverse abdominis and internal oblique and is bounded by the recutus abdominis the inferior epigastric vessels and inguinal ligament

Question 22

What contributes to the conjoint tendon

Answer 22

the transverses abdominis and the internal oblique

Question 23

Describe the position of the deep inguinal ring to the inguinal triangle

Answer 23

the deep inguinal ring is lateral to the inguinal triangle

Question 24

Define hernia

Answer 24

an organ that is out of place

Question 25

Describe where a indirect hernia occurs

Answer 25

a protrusion through the inguinal canal (due to patent processes vaginalis

Question 26

Describe where a direct inguinal hernia occurs

Answer 26

oringinates in the inguinal triangle below the conjoint tendon, an area that is only reenforced by tranversalis fascia

Question 27

Explain the procedure for examination for inguinal hernia

Answer 27

use a finger to envaginate the scrotal or labial skin to the site of the superficial inguinal ring and push upward/laterally and from this position observe for herniation when a patient coughs (raises intrabsominal pressure)

Question 28

Describe the placement of the lacunar ligament.

Answer 28

some of the fibers of the inguinal ligament

Question 29

Describe the placement of the femoral sheath

Answer 29

the connective tissue that surrounds the nerves and vessels that enter the thigh by passing between the lower edge of the abdominal wall and pelvis bordered by the inguinal ligament and brim of the pelvis

Question 30

Describe how the medial and lateral crura are formed

Answer 30

split in the external oblique, the lateral crus continues to the pubic tubercle (initially part of the lower edge of the external oblique and the inguinal ligament)

Question 31

Where is the lacunar ligament?

Answer 31

as the inguinal ligament approaches the pubic tubercle, some of its fibers curve down as the lacunar ligament to attach to the pecten of the pubis

Question 32

Where is the pectineal ligament?

Answer 32

Some fibers of the lacuar ligament continue laterally along the superior rams of the pubis and form a fibrous band called the pectineal ligament

Question 33

What is the arrangement of the elements of the femoral sheath from lateral to medial?

Answer 33

NAVEL: nerve, artery, vein and an empty space with lymphatics

Question 34

Describe borders and importance of the femoral ring?

Answer 34

bordered by the inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament and pectineal ligament and these sharp, firm boundaries can strangulate a femoral hernia within the ring

Question 35

T/F Women are more likely to suffer femoral hernias

Answer 35

True: due to their wider hips the femoral ring is larger