6: Cell ageing and death Flashcards
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia are both reactions to ___.
stress
What are the two types of cell death?
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Does necrosis require energy?
No
Necrosis is (physiological / pathological).
pathological
What is coagulative necrosis?
Necrosis with preservations of cell outlines
Where is coagulative necrosis commonly seen?
Cardiac myocytes during an MI
What is liquefactive necrosis?
Necrosis in which cells become a liquidy viscous mass
What tends to cause liquefactive necrosis?
Bacterial / Fungal infections
Where in the body does liquefactive necrosis occur?
Brain
What is caseous necrosis?
TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB
tb innit
___ inflammation is common in caseous necrosis.
Granulomatous
What test should be carried out following a discovery of caseous necrosis?
Ziehl Neelson stain
you want to know if it’s TB or not
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
In which case would lymphocytes need to be killed off by apoptosis?
Self-reactive (attacking the body’s own cells)
Does apoptosis require energy?
Yes
In the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which proteins act as death receptors?
TNF
Fas
Fas mutations cause ___ disease.
autoimmune
Which organelle is central to the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
Mitochondria
Which proteins increase the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane in intrinsic apoptosis?
Bax and Bak
Which proteins are stimulated by:
1) activation of TNF and Fas in the extrinsic pathway
2) Bax and Bak in the intrinsic pathway
and go on to trigger apoptosis?
Caspases
1) Proteins which trigger cell death
2) Caspase-stimulating proteins found in the mitochondria
3) Death receptors involved in the intrinsic pathway
Name 1-3.
1) Caspases
2) Bax and Bak
3) TNF and Fas
Which protein detects DNA damage and, if irrepairable, induces apoptosis by stimulating caspases?
p53
What causes cellular ageing?
Oxidative stress
